O movimento dos capitães, o MFA e o 25 de Abril: do marcelismo à queda do Estado Novo
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2009
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O 25 de Abril de 1974 foi um dos mais importantes acontecimentos que ocorreram
em Portugal durante o século XX. Como tal, entende-se útil efectuar uma observação às
circunstâncias em que o país vivia na parte final do regime durante o qual o Governo foi
chefiado por Marcello Caetano.
Entre 1968 e 1974, verificaram-se significativas mudanças na conjuntura
internacional, tanto no que concerne à economia, como a nível social e militar. Também a
nível interno, a instituição militar começou a ser agitada pelos efeitos da saturação que a
guerra estava a causar e que levou o Governo a tomar medidas políticas que tinham por
objectivo a eternização do conflito.
Nesse contexto, um grupo de oficiais, essencialmente capitães, começou a reunirse
clandestinamente para encontrar formas de ultrapassar o impasse político em que o país
se encontrava. A partir do momento em que esse grupo considerou que a solução do
problema era o derrube do regime, iniciou uma dinâmica de planeamento que culminou com
um golpe de estado militar.
Este projecto faz uma observação desse período, desde que Caetano chegou ao
poder até que foi derrubado, com especial enfoque na evolução da contestação dos
capitães que desencadearam o golpe.
The 25th April of 1974 was one of the most important events that occur in Portugal during the twentieth century. So, it is important to analyse the circumstances in which the country lived at the end of the regime during which the Government was led by Marcello Caetano. Between 1968 and 1974, there have been major changes in the international economic, social and military environment. While the colonial war continued, in the motherland the consequences of the Government decisions were causing unease and unrest among the military. In this context, a group of middle-rank officers, mainly captains, began to meet secretly to find ways to overcome the political impasse in which the country was. From the moment that the group felt that the solution of the problem was the overthrow of the regime, began to plan the actions that would culminate in a military coup. This essay is a study of this period, since Marcello Caetano comes to power until it was depose, with special focus on the evolution of the opposition led by the captains that set off the coup.
The 25th April of 1974 was one of the most important events that occur in Portugal during the twentieth century. So, it is important to analyse the circumstances in which the country lived at the end of the regime during which the Government was led by Marcello Caetano. Between 1968 and 1974, there have been major changes in the international economic, social and military environment. While the colonial war continued, in the motherland the consequences of the Government decisions were causing unease and unrest among the military. In this context, a group of middle-rank officers, mainly captains, began to meet secretly to find ways to overcome the political impasse in which the country was. From the moment that the group felt that the solution of the problem was the overthrow of the regime, began to plan the actions that would culminate in a military coup. This essay is a study of this period, since Marcello Caetano comes to power until it was depose, with special focus on the evolution of the opposition led by the captains that set off the coup.
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Orientação: José Filipe Pinto
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CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA, GOLPES MILITARES, GUERRA COLONIAL, POLITICS, COLONIAL WAR, MILITARY COUPS, 25 DE ABRIL 1974, 25TH APRIL 1974, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIA POLÍTICA - CIDADANIA E GOVERNAÇÃO