Efeito da idade relativa em competições europeias de juniores
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2021
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O Efeito da Idade Relativa (EIR), corresponde à eventual vantagem atribuída a uma data de nascimento se verificar no início do ano civil, que terá correspondência com um processo de maturação antecipado, comparativamente com indivíduos com nascimentos datados nos meses finais do mesmo ano. Tal como noutras modalidades, na natação pura desportiva (NPD), este efeito também parece ocorrer (Cobley, Abbott, Dogramaci, Kable, Salter, Hintermann & Romann, 2018) O objetivo do nosso estudo foi verificar se o EIR ocorre na elite europeia júnior da NPD. Como método, foram recolhidas as datas de nascimento das 6236 inscrições nas eliminatórias e das 1089 participações em finais, das provas individuais, dos Jogos Europeus (JE) de 2015 e dos Campeonatos da Europa de Juniores de 2017, 2018 e 2019. Em cada competição, as inscrições dos participantes foram agrupadas por sexo, idade e quartil em função do mês de nascimento - 1º quartil (de janeiro a março), 2º quartil (de abril a junho), 3º quartil de julho a setembro) e o 4º quartil (de outubro a dezembro). Para a análise inicial dos dados recorremos à estatística descritiva utilizando os valores das frequências absoluta e relativa. Para verificar o EIR recorreu-se ao Teste do Qui-quadrado de independência. Conclusões: Verificou-se o EIR para a totalidade da amostra (masculinos + femininos) nas inscrições das eliminatórias, das quatro competições em análise, onde o 1º e 2º quartis apresentaram um número de participantes maior. No entanto, quando a análise foi realizada por sexo, as diferenças não foram significativas. O mesmo sucedeu quanto à idade dos participantes, onde os dois anos mais velhos tiveram uma maior percentagem de inscrições, quer nas eliminatórias quer nas finais, contudo, sem que essas diferenças apresentassem significância.
The Relative Age Effect (RAE) corresponds to the eventual advantage attributed to a date of birth if it occurs at the beginning of the calendar year, which will correspond to an early maturation process, compared to individuals with births dated in the final months of the same year. As in other modalities, in swimming , this effect also seems to occur (Cobley, Abbott, Dogramaci, Kable, Salter, Hintermann & Romann, 2018) The purpose of our study was to verify whether the RAE was found in the European junior elite in swimming. As a method we collated the birth dates of 6236 entries in the qualifiers and 1089 participants in finals of the individual events in the European Games 2015 and in the Junior European Championships 2017, 2018 and 2019. In each competition, participants' registrations were grouped by sex, age and quartile according to the month of birth - 1st - January to March, 2nd - April to June, 3rd - July to September and 4th - October to December. For the initial analysis of the data, we used descriptive statistics using the values of absolute and relative frequencies. To check the RAE, the Chi-square test of independence was used. Conclusions: The RAE was verified for the entire sample (male + female) in the qualifying registrations, in the four competitions under analysis, where the 1st and 2nd quartiles presented a substantially larger number of participants; however, when the analysis was performed by sex, the differences were not significant. The same happened with the age of the participants, where the two oldest years had a higher percentage of registrations, both in the qualifiers and in the finals, however, without these differences being significant.
The Relative Age Effect (RAE) corresponds to the eventual advantage attributed to a date of birth if it occurs at the beginning of the calendar year, which will correspond to an early maturation process, compared to individuals with births dated in the final months of the same year. As in other modalities, in swimming , this effect also seems to occur (Cobley, Abbott, Dogramaci, Kable, Salter, Hintermann & Romann, 2018) The purpose of our study was to verify whether the RAE was found in the European junior elite in swimming. As a method we collated the birth dates of 6236 entries in the qualifiers and 1089 participants in finals of the individual events in the European Games 2015 and in the Junior European Championships 2017, 2018 and 2019. In each competition, participants' registrations were grouped by sex, age and quartile according to the month of birth - 1st - January to March, 2nd - April to June, 3rd - July to September and 4th - October to December. For the initial analysis of the data, we used descriptive statistics using the values of absolute and relative frequencies. To check the RAE, the Chi-square test of independence was used. Conclusions: The RAE was verified for the entire sample (male + female) in the qualifying registrations, in the four competitions under analysis, where the 1st and 2nd quartiles presented a substantially larger number of participants; however, when the analysis was performed by sex, the differences were not significant. The same happened with the age of the participants, where the two oldest years had a higher percentage of registrations, both in the qualifiers and in the finals, however, without these differences being significant.
Descrição
Orientação: Paulo Jorge Rodrigues Cunha
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MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, DESPORTO, IDADE, NATAÇÃO, MATURAÇÃO, DIFERENÇAS DE GÉNERO, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT, AGE, MATURING, SWIMMING, GENDER DIFFERENCES