Carcinoma de células escamosas oral em cães e gatos : descrição de cinco casos clínicos
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2025
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O carcinoma de células escamosas oral é um tumor maligno que emerge do epitélio estratificado da mucosa oral dos animais. Trata-se da neoplasia oral mais prevalente nos gatos e a segunda mais prevalente nos cães. É comum acometer animais geriátricos e não existe predisposição de género. Não existe predisposição de raça no entanto, nos cães, sabe se que os mais afetados são de médio a grande porte. As localizações mais comuns desta neoplasia nos cães são a zona rostral da mandíbula ao nível da gengiva ou, mais caudalmente, nas amígdalas. Nos gatos pode afetar a língua, a gengiva, a faringe e as amígdalas. O diagnóstico definitivo é obtido através de biópsia da massa e o estadiamento é essencial de forma a planear um tratamento adequado e respetivo prognóstico. O tratamento mais indicado é a excisão cirúrgica da massa, no entanto, consoante o caso, a cirurgia pode não ser a opção mais correta. Com o presente trabalho pretendeu-se expor as diferentes abordagens ao carcinoma de células escamosas oral nos pequenos animais, desde o correto diagnóstico ao seu tratamento. Para tal, são descritos 5 casos clínicos de pequenos animais afetados por uma massa oral. O grande desafio passa pela deteção precoce da lesão e pela escolha do tratamento mais adequado, uma vez que se trata de uma neoplasia de elevada invasão e elevada taxa de recorrência. Este trabalho mostrou que a cirurgia pode, de facto, ser o tratamento definitivo quando a lesão é de pequenas dimensões, se localiza ao nível rostral e quando a sua deteção é atempada. Mostrou-se também que, quando são obtidas margens cirúrgicas livres de células neoplásicas, pode não ser necessário recorrer a terapias adjuvantes.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive epithelial neoplasm that affects the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It is considered the most common oral tumor in cats, and second most common in dogs. It usually affects older animals, there is no gender predisposition reported, and the most affected dogs are usually medium to big sized. The typical sites of occurrence vary between the two species. Dogs usually present the mass in the rostral sites of the mandibula, on the gingiva or, less often, in the tonsils. Cats often present the oral mass in the sublingual region, gingiva, tonsils, and pharynx. A biopsy is required to establish a definitive diagnosis of the tumor. Tumor staging is crucial in order to choose the best treatment and determine the prognosis. Surgery is the recommended treatment for some cases, depending on the location and staging of the mass. The aim of this report is to expose the different approaches to oral squamous cell carcinoma, from its correct diagnosis to treatment. Therefore, five clinical cases of small animals affected by this neoplasia are reported. The big challenge of this tumor is an early diagnosis and the selection of an adequate treatment, given its invasive and destructive character. This report showed that surgery might, in fact, be the solution for this neoplasia, as long as the mass has small dimensions, is in a rostral location and is diagnosed in early stages. This paper also concluded that if tumor free margins are achieved in the surgery, additional treatments are not needed.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive epithelial neoplasm that affects the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It is considered the most common oral tumor in cats, and second most common in dogs. It usually affects older animals, there is no gender predisposition reported, and the most affected dogs are usually medium to big sized. The typical sites of occurrence vary between the two species. Dogs usually present the mass in the rostral sites of the mandibula, on the gingiva or, less often, in the tonsils. Cats often present the oral mass in the sublingual region, gingiva, tonsils, and pharynx. A biopsy is required to establish a definitive diagnosis of the tumor. Tumor staging is crucial in order to choose the best treatment and determine the prognosis. Surgery is the recommended treatment for some cases, depending on the location and staging of the mass. The aim of this report is to expose the different approaches to oral squamous cell carcinoma, from its correct diagnosis to treatment. Therefore, five clinical cases of small animals affected by this neoplasia are reported. The big challenge of this tumor is an early diagnosis and the selection of an adequate treatment, given its invasive and destructive character. This report showed that surgery might, in fact, be the solution for this neoplasia, as long as the mass has small dimensions, is in a rostral location and is diagnosed in early stages. This paper also concluded that if tumor free margins are achieved in the surgery, additional treatments are not needed.
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, ONCOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, ANIMAIS DE COMPANHIA, CÃES, GATOS, NEOPLASIAS MALIGNAS, CARCINOMAS, CARCINOMA DE CÉLULAS ESCAMOSAS, CAVIDADE ORAL, CASOS CLÍNICOS, VETERINARY MEDICINE, VETERINARY ONCOLOGY, COMPANION ANIMALS, DOGS, CATS, NEOPLASMS, MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, ORAL CAVITY, CASE REPORTS