Contribuição do tratamento com fármacos antiepiléticos para o declínio cognitivo na epilepsia
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Data
2015
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A epilepsia é uma das doenças neurológicas mais graves e prevalentes que
afeta todas as idades. É um distúrbio anormal da atividade elétrica do cérebro,
caraterizado pela ocorrência de convulsões intermitentes, imprevisíveis de forma
repetitiva. As suas crises epiléticas são classificadas de acordo com a classificação
adotada pela Liga Internacional Contra Epilepsia (LICE). O tratamento ideal visa o
controlo completo das crises sem ocorrência de efeitos secundários por parte dos
antiepiléticos. Os fármacos antiepiléticos caracterizam-se por atuarem nos neurónios,
em quatro locais específicos: nos neurónios que são, canais de sódio, cálcio, potássio
e sobre os neurotramissores do GABA (ácido gama-aminobutírico).
Ao longo deste trabalho é possível observar a evolução dos fármacos
antiepiléticos usados no tratamento da epilepsia. Sendo um dos problemas do seu
tratamento, o aparecimento de doentes resistentes à terapêutica, que desenvolvem as
designadas crises refratárias, que comprometem o estilo de vida do doente,
aumentando do risco de morte súbita.
A elaboração desta dissertação remete para um trabalho de revisão
bibliográfica, que visa compreender a etiologia da epilepsia, bem como as medidas
farmacológicas usadas no seu tratamento, abordando, deste modo, a importância do
tratamento farmacológico, bem como alguns dos problemas associados ao
aparecimento das crises refratárias.
Epilepsy is one of the most serious and prevalent neurological disease that affects all ages. It is a disorder of anormal electrical activity of the brain, characterized by the occurrence of intermittent seizures, unpredictable repetitively. His seizures are classified according to the classification adopted by the International League Against Epilepsy. Your ideal treatment is aimed at the complete seizure control without occurrence of side effects from the antiepileptic. Antiepileptic drugs are characterized by acting in four specific sites on neurons: sodium channels, calcium, potassium and neurotransmitters on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Throughout this paper it is possible to observe the evolution of antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy. As one of its treatment problems, the emergence of resistant patients to therapy, developing the so-called refractory seizures that compromise the patient's lifestyle and increase the risk of sudden death. The preparation of this work refers to a work literature review. That aims to understand the etiology of epilepsy and the pharmacological mediated used in its treatment. Thereby addressing the importance of drug therapy as well as some of the problems associated with the development of refractory seizures.
Epilepsy is one of the most serious and prevalent neurological disease that affects all ages. It is a disorder of anormal electrical activity of the brain, characterized by the occurrence of intermittent seizures, unpredictable repetitively. His seizures are classified according to the classification adopted by the International League Against Epilepsy. Your ideal treatment is aimed at the complete seizure control without occurrence of side effects from the antiepileptic. Antiepileptic drugs are characterized by acting in four specific sites on neurons: sodium channels, calcium, potassium and neurotransmitters on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Throughout this paper it is possible to observe the evolution of antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy. As one of its treatment problems, the emergence of resistant patients to therapy, developing the so-called refractory seizures that compromise the patient's lifestyle and increase the risk of sudden death. The preparation of this work refers to a work literature review. That aims to understand the etiology of epilepsy and the pharmacological mediated used in its treatment. Thereby addressing the importance of drug therapy as well as some of the problems associated with the development of refractory seizures.
Descrição
Orientação: Marisa Helena Fonseca Nicolai
Palavras-chave
FARMACOLOGIA, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, EPILEPSIA, MEDICAMENTOS, PHARMACOLOGY, EPILEPSY, DRUGS, TRATAMENTOS FARMACOLÓGICOS, PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENTS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, ANTIEPILÉTICOS, ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS