Educação sobre proteção contra radiação solar para professores da educação infantil: uma contribuição para a promoção da saúde na escola
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Data
2014
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Edições Universitárias Lusófonas
Resumo
A prevenção primária do câncer da pele deve focar-se nas crianças , em especial, na escola e nos professores como
elementos estratégicos. Este artigo descreve os resultados de um projeto de extensão de capacitação de professores
de uma escola do município de Diadema (região metropolitana de São Paulo) para a educação sobre riscos da
exposição solar e fotoproteção. A intervenção ocorreu a partir da investigação do conhecimento dos professores. Os
resultados revelaram diversas lacunas em tópicos importantes - consequências do bronzeamento da pele; danos da
exposição solar, além do câncer; proteção solar, além dos filtros solares; importância da proteção solar na infância;
tipos de radiação e seus efeitos à saúde humana; critérios do uso de filtros solares. Com base nos resultados
foi realizada intervenção educativa. Na última etapa realizou-se avaliação do conhecimento adquirido. O Grupo
Focal e a análise de conteúdo, revelaram o impacto da intervenção educativa no conhecimento de professores,
especialmente quanto aos tipos de radiação UV e fator de proteção solar, mas também alguns problemas. Em
conclusão, a intervenção educativa de curta duração foi eficaz para transformar conceitos, mas não suficiente
para atingir todos os objetivos, especialmente a transformação de conceitos ligados a aspectos culturais, os quais
precisam de maior investimento educativo.
Skin cancer Primary prevention should focus young populations, using the school and teachers as strategic players. This paper describes results from a project aimed to educate kindergarten teachers in the Diadema municipality (metropolitan S Paulo) about photoeducation and sun exposure risks. The intervention was based on an investigation about teachers level of knowledge. Analysis revealed several gaps in knowledge topics - effects of skin tanning; sun exposure damage different than skin cancer; forms of sun protection, other than sunscreens; importance of sunscreen in childhood; types of solar radiation and their effects on human health; facts to be observed in the use of sunscreens. Based on the results of the first step, educational intervention was performed. The last step involved the evaluation of acquired knowledge. The collecting data technique was the Focal Group. Through content analysis, advances in knowledge and the acquisition of concepts were identified. The educational intervention was determinant for teachers knowledge especially regarding UVt radiation types and sun protection factors, but also revealed some pitfalls. In conclusion, short-term actions may be sufficient to transform some concepts but not enough to achieve all goals, especially the transformation of concepts related to cultural aspects, demanding greater daily educational investments.
Skin cancer Primary prevention should focus young populations, using the school and teachers as strategic players. This paper describes results from a project aimed to educate kindergarten teachers in the Diadema municipality (metropolitan S Paulo) about photoeducation and sun exposure risks. The intervention was based on an investigation about teachers level of knowledge. Analysis revealed several gaps in knowledge topics - effects of skin tanning; sun exposure damage different than skin cancer; forms of sun protection, other than sunscreens; importance of sunscreen in childhood; types of solar radiation and their effects on human health; facts to be observed in the use of sunscreens. Based on the results of the first step, educational intervention was performed. The last step involved the evaluation of acquired knowledge. The collecting data technique was the Focal Group. Through content analysis, advances in knowledge and the acquisition of concepts were identified. The educational intervention was determinant for teachers knowledge especially regarding UVt radiation types and sun protection factors, but also revealed some pitfalls. In conclusion, short-term actions may be sufficient to transform some concepts but not enough to achieve all goals, especially the transformation of concepts related to cultural aspects, demanding greater daily educational investments.
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MEDICINA, MEDICINE, SAÚDE ESCOLAR, SCHOOL HEALTH, BRAZIL, DIADEMA, BRASIL, PROFESSORES, TEACHERS, PREVENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA, PRIMARY PREVENTION, RADIAÇÃO SOLAR, SOLAR RADIATION, PELE, SKIN, ESTUDOS DE CASO, CASE STUDIES, EDUCAÇÃO PARA A SAÚDE, HEALTH EDUCATION