Avaliação de proteinúria e hipertensão arterial em gatos jovens e adultos clinicamente saudáveis
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2026
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A doença renal crónica (DRC) caracteriza-se pela perda progressiva e irreversível de nefrónios, em decorrência de anormalidades funcionais e/ou estruturais ocorridas por um período superior a 3 meses. Devido à sua elevada prevalência na espécie felina, a mesma é apontada por vários autores como a principal causa de morte em gatos idosos. Embora exista evidência de que a hipertensão arterial sistémica e a proteinúria são promotores de fibrose intersticial renal e, portanto, estão diretamente ligados à progressão da DRC, especula-se que também possam desempenhar um papel no seu início. O objetivo deste estudo observacional transversal foi avaliar a frequência de hipertensão arterial e proteinúria, assim como a relação entre a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e o rácio proteína:creatinina urinária (RPCU) em felinos jovens e adultos clinicamente saudáveis, de forma a esclarecer a relevância da monitorização contínua destas alterações. Neste estudo foram incluídos 54 felinos, de idades entre 1-10 anos, atendidos no Hospital Escolar da Universidade Lusófona por qualquer motivo. Todos realizaram a medição de PAS, creatinina sérica, urianálise e a determinação do RPCU. Observou-se uma mediana de idades de 5,5 anos e uma mediana de pressão arterial sistólica de 141,5 mmHg. Conforme a classificação da International Renal Interest Society, 35,2% dos gatos foram classificados como não proteinúricos, 50,0% apresentavam proteinúria limítrofe e 14,8% proteinúricos. A acrescentar, de acordo com o American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 46,3% eram normotensos, 29,6% pré-hipertensos, 20,4% hipertensos e 3,7% apresentavam hipertensão severa. Não se verificou correlação estatisticamente significativa entre PAS e RPCU na amostra global, nem nos subgrupos de proteinúria. Em contrapartida, identificou-se correlação positiva moderada entre idade e PAS. Os resultados sugerem que, em gatos clinicamente saudáveis, a pressão arterial sistólica e o rácio proteína:creatinina se comportam como fenómenos independentes. A ausência de hipertensão não exclui a possibilidade de alterações urinárias, tal como a presença de proteinúria não permite inferir o estado da pressão arterial. Assim sendo, recomenda-se a monitorização simultânea da PAS e do RPCU em consultas de rotina, no contexto da medicina preventiva e do seguimento a longo prazo de felinos.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons, due to functional and/or structural abnormalities occurring for a period longer than 3 months. Due to its high prevalence in the feline species, it is pointed by several authors as the main cause of death in elderly cats. Although there is evidence that systemic arterial hypertension and proteinuria are promoters of renal interstitial fibrosis and are therefore directly linked to the progression of CKD, it is speculated that they may also play a role in its onset. The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to evaluate the frequency of arterial hypertension and proteinuria, as well as the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and protein:urinary creatinine ratio (UPCR) in clinically healthy young in order to clarify the relevance of continuous monitoring of these changes. This study included 54 felines, aged between 1-10 years, treated at the School Hospital of the Lusófona University for any reason. All performed the measurement of SBP, serum creatinine, urianalysis and determination of UPCR. We observed a median age of 5.5 years and a median systolic blood pressure of 141.5 mmHg. According to the classification of the International Renal Interest Society, 35.2% of the cats were classified as non-proteinuric, 50.0% had borderline proteinuria and 14.8% proteinuric. In addition, according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 46.3% were normotensive, 29.6% pre-hypertensive, 20.4% hypertensive and 3.7% had severe hypertension. There was no statistically significant correlation between SBP and UPCR in the global sample, nor in the proteinuria subgroups. On the other hand, a moderate positive correlation between age and SBP was identified. The results suggest that in clinically healthy cats, systolic blood pressure and protein:creatinine ratio behave as independent phenomena. The absence of hypertension does not exclude the possibility of urinary alterations, as the presence of proteinuria does not allow to infer the state of blood pressure. Therefore, it is recommended to simultaneously monitor SBP and UPCR in routine consultations in the context of preventive medicine and long-term monitoring of felines.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of nephrons, due to functional and/or structural abnormalities occurring for a period longer than 3 months. Due to its high prevalence in the feline species, it is pointed by several authors as the main cause of death in elderly cats. Although there is evidence that systemic arterial hypertension and proteinuria are promoters of renal interstitial fibrosis and are therefore directly linked to the progression of CKD, it is speculated that they may also play a role in its onset. The objective of this cross-sectional observational study was to evaluate the frequency of arterial hypertension and proteinuria, as well as the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and protein:urinary creatinine ratio (UPCR) in clinically healthy young in order to clarify the relevance of continuous monitoring of these changes. This study included 54 felines, aged between 1-10 years, treated at the School Hospital of the Lusófona University for any reason. All performed the measurement of SBP, serum creatinine, urianalysis and determination of UPCR. We observed a median age of 5.5 years and a median systolic blood pressure of 141.5 mmHg. According to the classification of the International Renal Interest Society, 35.2% of the cats were classified as non-proteinuric, 50.0% had borderline proteinuria and 14.8% proteinuric. In addition, according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 46.3% were normotensive, 29.6% pre-hypertensive, 20.4% hypertensive and 3.7% had severe hypertension. There was no statistically significant correlation between SBP and UPCR in the global sample, nor in the proteinuria subgroups. On the other hand, a moderate positive correlation between age and SBP was identified. The results suggest that in clinically healthy cats, systolic blood pressure and protein:creatinine ratio behave as independent phenomena. The absence of hypertension does not exclude the possibility of urinary alterations, as the presence of proteinuria does not allow to infer the state of blood pressure. Therefore, it is recommended to simultaneously monitor SBP and UPCR in routine consultations in the context of preventive medicine and long-term monitoring of felines.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, CATS, FELIDS, KIDNEY DISEASES, BLOOD PRESSURE, RATIOS, CREATINE KINASE, HYPERTENSION, PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, FELÍDEOS, DOENÇAS RENAIS, TENSÃO ARTERIAL, RÁCIOS, CREATINA QUINASE, HIPERTENSÃO, MEDICINA PREVENTIVA