Veterinary interventions supporting conservation management : overview of wild terrestrial mammals of Mozambique
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2024
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Com o crescimento populacional e a sobre-exploração dos recursos naturais, a conservação da vida selvagem tornou-se crucial. Os veterinários fazem parte de equipas multidisciplinares necessárias às intervenções de conservação e têm um papel crítico pois são necessárias capacidades médicas para manter o bem-estar destas espécies selvagens quando manipuladas. Mas para haver um impacto real, os veterinários têm de trabalhar em conjunto com entidades nacionais e internacionais para implementar diretrizes que regem o comércio internacional de animais e produtos de origem animal (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species - CITES), que ensinam as comunidades a conviver pacificamente com a fauna selvagem, que protegem a saúde e o bem estar dos animais e dos seres humanos, mantêm a integridade dos ecossistemas e habitats e, em última instância, conservam a biodiversidade. Para se conseguir capturar e manusear de forma segura para a equipa, e ainda reduzir o stress dos animais, é necessário a sua imobilização física e/ou química. A imobilização física aplica-se sobretudo para animais pequenos e para capturas de grupos de animais e inclui a utilização de redes, jaulas, cordas na maioria das vezes combinado com sedação/imobilização química.
This study is based on the author’s curricular internship with the Mozambique Wildlife Alliance, a non-profit organization dedicated to wildlife conservation services in Mozambique. Conservation is a complex field requiring collaboration across numerous entities and professionals, including veterinarians, whose role is essential to manage wildlife safely and supporting biodiversity goals. Veterinary interventions are crucial for conservation management, enabling the safe handling, tracking, and relocation of animals, as well as protection from threats like poaching, habitat loss, disease, and the prevention of human wildlife conflict (HWC). The role of veterinarians extends beyond medical care, including planning operations, species monitoring, and supporting local and international conservation policies. To illustrate the practical aspects of conservation operations, five interventions conducted across different species and settings are detailed: collaring an African-elephant (Loxodonta africana) to reduce human-wildlife conflict; capturing and relocating spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) to bolster population numbers of Gorongosa National Park; treating a southern-giraffe (Giraffa giraffa) injured by a snare; capturing and relocating a lion (Panthera leo) involved in conflicts; and dehorning white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) to deter poaching. These operations were conducted in the Mozambican regions of Ressano Garcia, Limpopo National Park, Karingani Game Reserve, and Sábiè Game Park.
This study is based on the author’s curricular internship with the Mozambique Wildlife Alliance, a non-profit organization dedicated to wildlife conservation services in Mozambique. Conservation is a complex field requiring collaboration across numerous entities and professionals, including veterinarians, whose role is essential to manage wildlife safely and supporting biodiversity goals. Veterinary interventions are crucial for conservation management, enabling the safe handling, tracking, and relocation of animals, as well as protection from threats like poaching, habitat loss, disease, and the prevention of human wildlife conflict (HWC). The role of veterinarians extends beyond medical care, including planning operations, species monitoring, and supporting local and international conservation policies. To illustrate the practical aspects of conservation operations, five interventions conducted across different species and settings are detailed: collaring an African-elephant (Loxodonta africana) to reduce human-wildlife conflict; capturing and relocating spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) to bolster population numbers of Gorongosa National Park; treating a southern-giraffe (Giraffa giraffa) injured by a snare; capturing and relocating a lion (Panthera leo) involved in conflicts; and dehorning white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) to deter poaching. These operations were conducted in the Mozambican regions of Ressano Garcia, Limpopo National Park, Karingani Game Reserve, and Sábiè Game Park.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, SPECIES PRESERVATION, NATURE CONSERVATION, MOZAMBIQUE, MAMMALS, WILD ANIMALS, BIODIVERSITY, ANIMAL WELFARE, HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND, HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTION, HABITAT DESTRUCTION, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CONSERVAÇÃO DAS ESPÉCIES, CONSERVAÇÃO DA NATUREZA, MOÇAMBIQUE, MAMÍFEROS, ANIMAIS SELVAGENS, BIODIVERSIDADE, FAUNA SELVAGEM, BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL, VÍNCULO HOMEM-ANIMAL, INTERAÇÃO HOMEM-ANIMAL, DESTRUIÇÃO DE HABITATS