Análise retrospetiva da osteotomia do nivelamento do plateau tibial (TPLO) em cães com rutura do ligamento cruzado cranial
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A rutura do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr) é uma das principais causas de claudicação e dor nos membros pélvicos (MP) em cães, levando à instabilidade articular, ao desenvolvimento de osteoartrite e diminuição significativa da qualidade de vida. Entre as várias técnicas cirúrgicas disponíveis, a osteotomia de nivelamento do plateau tibial (TPLO) é atualmente considerada o método de eleição para restaurar a estabilidade dinâmica do joelho e permitir uma recuperação funcional eficiente. Pretendeu-se com o presente trabalho avaliar retrospetivamente os resultados clínicos e radiográficos de 50 cães submetidos a TPLO devido a rutura do LCCr, operados por um único cirurgião. Analisaram-se variáveis como idade, raça, peso, ângulo do plateau tibial (TPA) pré e pós-operatório, complicações pós-cirúrgicas, presença de osteoartrite e ocorrência de lesões meniscais. Nos resultados deste estudo destacam-se uma taxa global de complicações de 16%, valor enquadrado no intervalo descrito na literatura (7,2-28%), sendo as mais frequentes a claudicação intermitente e as complicações relacionadas com parafusos. Observou-se associação entre TPA pós-operatório superior a 5° e maior ocorrência de complicações, salientando a importância do planeamento radiográfico preciso. A presença de osteoartrite pré-cirúrgica foi identificada em 32% dos casos, percentagem considerada expectável face à natureza degenerativa da patologia. Com a realização deste estudo conlcui-se que a TPLO é uma técnica cirúrgica segura, eficaz e reprodutível, apresentando bons resultados funcionais e baixa incidência de complicações quando corretamente planeada e executada. O estudo reforça a relevância desta técnica como gold-standard no tratamento da rutura do LCCr e fornece dados epidemiológicos úteis para a realidade clínica nacional.
Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is one of the main causes of pelvic limb lameness and pain in dogs, leading to joint instability, the development of osteoarthritis, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Among the various surgical techniques available, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is currently considered the treatment of choice to restore dynamic stifle stability and allow efficient functional recovery. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 50 dogs that underwent TPLO due to CrCL rupture, all operated on by the same surgeon. Variables analyzed included age, breed, body weight, pre- and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), postoperative complications, presence of osteoarthritis, and occurrence of meniscal injuries. The overall complication rate observed was 16%, which falls within the range reported in the literature (7.2–28%), with the most common being intermittent lameness and screw-related complications. An association was identified between postoperative TPA greater than 5° and a higher incidence of complications, highlighting the importance of accurate radiographic planning. Preoperative osteoarthritis was identified in 32% of cases, a percentage considered expected given the degenerative nature of the condition. It was concluded that TPLO is a safe, effective, and reproducible surgical technique, providing good functional outcomes and a low incidence of complications when properly planned and executed. This study reinforces the role of TPLO as the gold standard in the treatment of CrCL rupture and provides useful epidemiological data relevant to the national clinical context.
Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture is one of the main causes of pelvic limb lameness and pain in dogs, leading to joint instability, the development of osteoarthritis, and a significant reduction in quality of life. Among the various surgical techniques available, tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) is currently considered the treatment of choice to restore dynamic stifle stability and allow efficient functional recovery. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 50 dogs that underwent TPLO due to CrCL rupture, all operated on by the same surgeon. Variables analyzed included age, breed, body weight, pre- and postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA), postoperative complications, presence of osteoarthritis, and occurrence of meniscal injuries. The overall complication rate observed was 16%, which falls within the range reported in the literature (7.2–28%), with the most common being intermittent lameness and screw-related complications. An association was identified between postoperative TPA greater than 5° and a higher incidence of complications, highlighting the importance of accurate radiographic planning. Preoperative osteoarthritis was identified in 32% of cases, a percentage considered expected given the degenerative nature of the condition. It was concluded that TPLO is a safe, effective, and reproducible surgical technique, providing good functional outcomes and a low incidence of complications when properly planned and executed. This study reinforces the role of TPLO as the gold standard in the treatment of CrCL rupture and provides useful epidemiological data relevant to the national clinical context.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, DOGS, LIGAMENTS, SKULL, OSTEOARTHRITIS, VETERINARY SURGERY, LAMENESS, POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS, VETERINARY ORTHOPEDICS, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, CÃES, LIGAMENTOS, CRÂNIO, OSTEOARTRITE, CIRURGIA VETERINÁRIA, CLAUDICAÇÃO, COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS-OPERATÓRIAS, ORTOPEDIA VETERINÁRIA