Parabenos nas formulações cosméticas : sim ou não?
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Data
2018
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Resumo
Os parabenos são amplamente utilizados como conservantes em muitos alimentos, cosméticos e, produtos de higiene pessoal e medicamentos, devido ao seu perfil característico de baixa toxicidade e a uma longa história de uso seguro.
Os parabenos são ésteres de alquil do ácido p-hidroxibenzóico e tipicamente incluem metilparabeno, etilparabeno, propilparabeno, butilparabeno, isobutilparabeno, isopropilparabeno e benzilparabeno. Estes compostos são conhecidos por terem um valor nulo ou fraca actividade estrogénica em ensaios in vitro.
Algumas pesquisas tem gerado preocupação, onde os parabenos podem estar associados ao cancro da mama. A indústria dos cosméticos tem mantido a ideia de que os parabenos são seguros na exposição humana, enquanto que o impacto dos media tem levado muitas empresas a removê-los a partir dos seus produtos.
Nos últimos anos, surgiu uma preocupação crescente a respeito de possíveis efeitos adversos das substâncias químicas nos alimentos e em cosméticos nos resultados da reprodução humana. Os parabenos podem não ser tão seguros quanto se pensava inicialmente, e uma interacção entre parabenos e a função mitocondrial nos testículos pode ser a chave para explicar a contribuição dos parabenos para uma diminuição do potencial reprodutivo.
Hoje em dia, de acordo com a pesquisa mais actualizada, tanto cientistas como a indústria regulamentar continuam a concordar que não existe estabelecido nenhum vínculo epidemiológico entre parabenos e o cancro de mama. Assim, a substituição de parabenos por outro conservante menos conhecido pode apresentar um risco para o consumidor.
Cabe, portanto, aos líderes industriais, cientistas, médicos e especialistas em cosméticos tranquilizar os consumidores e definir o registo correcto sobre a segurança e eficácia dos parabenos.
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in many foods, cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals due to their relatively low toxicity profile and to a long history of safe use. Parabens are alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid and typically include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben and benzylparaben. These compounds are knownto have a null or very weak estrogenic activity in assays in vitro. Some research has raised concern that parabens may be associated to breast cancer. The cosmetics industry has maintained that parabens are safe for human exposure, while the public outcry has caused many companies to remove them from our products. In recent years, an increasing concern has emerged regarding possible adverse effects of chemicals in food and in cosmetics on human reproduction outcomes. Parabens may not be as safe as initially thought, and suggestions that the interaction between parabens and mitochondrial function in the testis may be key in explaining the contribution of parabens in a decrease in reproductive potential. However, according to the most updated research, both scientists and industry regulatory agencies continue to agree that there is still no clearly established epidemiologic link between parabens and breast cancer. It is the replacement of parabens by other less-known preservative systems that could present a consumer risk. It thus up to the industry leaders, scientists, medical doctors, and cosmetic experts to reassure consumers and to set the record straight about the safety and efficacy of parabens.
Parabens are widely used as preservatives in many foods, cosmetics, toiletries, and pharmaceuticals due to their relatively low toxicity profile and to a long history of safe use. Parabens are alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid and typically include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, isobutylparaben, isopropylparaben and benzylparaben. These compounds are knownto have a null or very weak estrogenic activity in assays in vitro. Some research has raised concern that parabens may be associated to breast cancer. The cosmetics industry has maintained that parabens are safe for human exposure, while the public outcry has caused many companies to remove them from our products. In recent years, an increasing concern has emerged regarding possible adverse effects of chemicals in food and in cosmetics on human reproduction outcomes. Parabens may not be as safe as initially thought, and suggestions that the interaction between parabens and mitochondrial function in the testis may be key in explaining the contribution of parabens in a decrease in reproductive potential. However, according to the most updated research, both scientists and industry regulatory agencies continue to agree that there is still no clearly established epidemiologic link between parabens and breast cancer. It is the replacement of parabens by other less-known preservative systems that could present a consumer risk. It thus up to the industry leaders, scientists, medical doctors, and cosmetic experts to reassure consumers and to set the record straight about the safety and efficacy of parabens.
Descrição
Orientação: Catarina Fialho Rosado ; co-orientação: Joana Filipa Portugal Faria da Mota
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, CONSERVANTES, PRESERVATIVES, PRODUTOS COSMÉTICOS, COSMETICS, CANCRO DA MAMA, BREAST CANCER, REPRODUÇÃO HUMANA, HUMAN REPRODUCTION, ESTRÓGENOS, ESTROGENS, PARABENOS, PARABENS