A relação entre a capacidade de mindfulness e a ansiedade competitiva dos atletas de halterofilismo e powerlifting
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2019
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Atualmente, em Portugal, assiste-se a um aumento de praticantes das modalidades de halterofilismo e powerlifting que não parecem ser acompanhadas pelo desenvolvimento de investigação científica que suporte as boas práticas de treino e acompanhamento destes atletas. A ansiedade no desporto parece atingir muitos destes atletas, face à constante pressão psicológica que o treino e competição lhes coloca. O mindfulness, conhecido como a capacidade de autorregular atenção no momento presente, com uma atitude de aceitação e de não-julgamento à experiencia que emerge (Kabat-Zinn, 1994), é outra variável reconhecida no alívio do stress que tem vindo a ser aplicada no treino mental de alta competição, permitindo a autoregulação dos estados psicológicos internos dos atletas.
Esta investigação, parte da caracterização destas duas modalidades, com o objectivo principal de analisar a relação entre a capacidade de mindfulness e a ansiedade desportiva em atletas de halterofilismo e powerlifting. Procurou-se ainda compreender o modo com estas variáveis se relacionam com o desempenho dos atletas, e explorar a relação com o género, modalidade e nível competitivo.
A amostra foi constituída por 60 atletas portugueses de alta competição, 35 de halterofilismo e 25 de powerlifting, sendo 31 do sexo feminino (51,7%) e 29 do sexo masculino (48,3%), com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 70 (M=37,32; DP=12,47), que participaram numa competição nacional em Julho de 2019. A ansiedade foi medida pelo Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) e o mindfulness foi avaliado pelo Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS).
Os resultados mostraram a ausência de correlação entre a ansiedade no desporto e o mindfulness, mas ambas de correlacionam com o desempenho. Encontraram-se resultados nas diferenças entre atletas com maior e menor nível competitivo, sendo que os primeiros mostraram uma maior a capacidade de mindfulness, uma menor ansiedade desportiva, e ainda uma perceção do desempenho maior do que os segundos.
Conclui-se que o desempenho destes atletas se correlaciona com uma menor ansiedade, e tende a ser influenciado por uma maior capacidade de mindfulness. Neste sentido o treino psicológico focado na prática de mindfulness poderá contribuir para incrementar o rendimento desportivo nestas modalidades.
Currently, in Portugal, there is an increase in weightlifting prectitioners that don’t seem to be accompained by the scientific reaserch’s development, wich supports the good training habits and that properly accompany the athletes.Anxiety in sport seems to affect many of these athletes, given the constant psychological pressure that training and competition puts on them. Mindfulness, known as the ability to self-regulate attention in the present moment, with an attitude of acceptance and non-judgment to the experience that emerges (Kabat-Zinn, 1994), is another variable recognized in the relief of stress that has been applied in high competition mental training, allowing the self-regulation of athletes' internal psychological states. This research is based on the characterization of these two modalities, with the main objective of analysing the relationship between the capacity of mindfulness and sports anxiety in weightlifting and powerlifting athletes. We also tried to understand how these variables are related to the performance of the athletes, and to explore the relationship with gender, modality and competitive level. The sample consisted of 60 Portuguese top-level athletes, 35 weightlifting and 25 powerlifting, 31 female (51.7%) and 29 male (48.3%), aged between 16 and 70 (M=37.32; DP=12.47), who participated in a national competition in July 2019. Anxiety was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and mindfulness was assessed by the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS). The results showed no correlation between anxiety in sport and mindfulness, but both correlated with performance. Results were found in the differences between athletes with higher and lower competitive levels, with the former showing higher mindfulness capacity, lower sports anxiety, and also a higher perception of performance than the latter. It is concluded that the performance of these athletes is correlated with less anxiety, and tends to be influenced by a greater capacity of mindfulness. In this sense the psychological training focused on the practice of mindfulness may contribute to increase the sports performance in these modalities.
Currently, in Portugal, there is an increase in weightlifting prectitioners that don’t seem to be accompained by the scientific reaserch’s development, wich supports the good training habits and that properly accompany the athletes.Anxiety in sport seems to affect many of these athletes, given the constant psychological pressure that training and competition puts on them. Mindfulness, known as the ability to self-regulate attention in the present moment, with an attitude of acceptance and non-judgment to the experience that emerges (Kabat-Zinn, 1994), is another variable recognized in the relief of stress that has been applied in high competition mental training, allowing the self-regulation of athletes' internal psychological states. This research is based on the characterization of these two modalities, with the main objective of analysing the relationship between the capacity of mindfulness and sports anxiety in weightlifting and powerlifting athletes. We also tried to understand how these variables are related to the performance of the athletes, and to explore the relationship with gender, modality and competitive level. The sample consisted of 60 Portuguese top-level athletes, 35 weightlifting and 25 powerlifting, 31 female (51.7%) and 29 male (48.3%), aged between 16 and 70 (M=37.32; DP=12.47), who participated in a national competition in July 2019. Anxiety was measured by the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and mindfulness was assessed by the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS). The results showed no correlation between anxiety in sport and mindfulness, but both correlated with performance. Results were found in the differences between athletes with higher and lower competitive levels, with the former showing higher mindfulness capacity, lower sports anxiety, and also a higher perception of performance than the latter. It is concluded that the performance of these athletes is correlated with less anxiety, and tends to be influenced by a greater capacity of mindfulness. In this sense the psychological training focused on the practice of mindfulness may contribute to increase the sports performance in these modalities.
Descrição
Orientação: Susana Maria Mariano
dos Santos Veloso
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, MINDFULNESS, MINDFULNESS, ANSIEDADE, ANXIETY, DESEMPENHO, PERFORMANCE, HALTEROFILISMO, WEIGHTLIFTING, POWERLIFTING, POWERLIFTING