Biblioterapia : a Função Terapêutica do Livro em Ambiente Prisional
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Data
2012
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Este trabalho de investigação consiste num estudo empírico sobre uma nova ciência - a Biblioterapia, e a situação mais específica, a sua aplicação em contexto prisional.
Para alcançar este objetivo formulámos a seguinte hipótese: “o livro exerce sobre as pessoas em geral e, de uma forma mais particular, sobre indivíduos em contexto de detenção institucional uma função terapêutica”.
A metodologia adotada para esta investigação assenta essencialmente em fontes documentais textuais e digitais, sobre autores especialistas na matéria, que de uma forma mais precisa se identificam e citam especificamente no capítulo referente à revisão da literatura.
Para atingir o nosso propósito começámos por definir os conceitos de leitura, de leitura terapêutica, de fenomenologia da linguagem, de terapia e de diálogo assim como procurámos saber quais os fundamentos filosóficos e os componentes biblioterapêuticos, público-alvo e áreas com maiores potencialidades de aplicação, benefícios e limitações que norteiam à aplicação da Biblioterapia, nomeadamente, para fins de desenvolvimento pessoal e de alterações comportamentais.
Fez-se igualmente uma análise da evolução do conceito, desde Aristóteles até aos nossos dias. Só com o conhecimento efetivo desta realidade seria possível prosseguir o nosso objeto de estudo.
Entendemos ainda ser importante perceber qual é a situação da leitura em Portugal e as políticas desenvolvidas nesta área pelo Estado, para promover a leitura junto dos estudantes e da população em geral. Apenas assente nestas duas realidades que se entrecruzam, no processo de leitor/livro é possível identificar e relacionar esta problemática em estudo.
Constatamos a existência de dois tipos de Biblioterapia, a Biblioterapia-arte e a Biblioterapia-ciência, identificando algumas das suas características, principalmente o que as aproxima e o que as separa.
Apresentamos um exemplo de uma área reconhecidamente bem sucedida na aplicação da Biblioterapia não-clínica, em instituições prisionais, efetuando uma abordagem às questões mais pertinentes neste campo: os seus aspetos institucionais, os psicossociais e os de reinserção social. Considerámos ainda as recomendações da IFLA para este setor populacional – Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners.
Ao longo do trabalho e de uma forma transversal realçamos as interrelações biblioterapêuticas entre pacientes, bibliotecários e outros intervenientes no processo biblioterapêutico, tais como médicos e orientadores de leitura. Finalizamos o trabalho concluindo que a prática de leitura de temas específicos, em qualquer campo de atuação e sob orientação de um elemento profissional com conhecimentos aprofundados tanto em relação às personalidades e problemas dos destinatários como aos materiais que tem à sua disposição – o livro, em sentido lato - pode efetivamente desencadear benefícios terapêuticos nos leitores.
This Dissertation consists of an empiric study about a new science - the Bibliotherapy, specifically its application in the context of a prison system. To meet its purpose, the following hypothesis was formulated: “the book has a therapeutic effect over people in general and more specifically over individuals in a prison context”. The methodology chosen to complete this research is based upon documental and digital sources from experts in this matter, who, in a better and more precise manner, will be identified specifically in the chapter concerning the revision of literature. The concepts of reading, therapeutic reading, language phenomenology, therapy and dialogue have been defined in order to meet the above purpose, simultaneously attempting to recognize the philosophical justifications and the bibliotherapeutical constituent elements, target demography and the areas with the best potential application, its benefits and limits to self improvement and behavioral changes in the individual. The evolution of the concept has been studied since Aristotle to contemporarily. Only with the effective knowledge of this reality it is possible to continue with this work. Furthermore it is important to understand the situation of reading in Portugal and the policies taken by the Portuguese governments in this area, in order to promote reading amongst the youth communities and the general population. Only based in these two intercrossing realities, it is possible to identify and to relate the question in study. Moreover there is to notice the existence of two kinds of Bibliotherapy, the Bibliotherapy-art and the Bibliotherapy-science, some of their similarities and disparities. The well wrought example of non-clinic Bibliotherapy application in prison institutions is shown by making an approach to the main questions in this field: the institutional, the psychosocial and the social reintegration aspects. Regarding this matter, it has been taken into consideration the IFLA recommendations to this population – Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners. All along the research and in a diagonal fashion there is the intention to highlight the bibliotherapeutic relations between patients, librarians and other intermediate people in the bibliotherapeutic process, such as physicians and reading managers. In conclusion it is shown that reading about specific themes, in any field of action and under the guidance of qualified professional personnel with extensive knowledge of the receiver‟s own issues and of the materials available – the book, in an extensive way – can, effectively, lead to therapeutic benefits amongst the readers.
This Dissertation consists of an empiric study about a new science - the Bibliotherapy, specifically its application in the context of a prison system. To meet its purpose, the following hypothesis was formulated: “the book has a therapeutic effect over people in general and more specifically over individuals in a prison context”. The methodology chosen to complete this research is based upon documental and digital sources from experts in this matter, who, in a better and more precise manner, will be identified specifically in the chapter concerning the revision of literature. The concepts of reading, therapeutic reading, language phenomenology, therapy and dialogue have been defined in order to meet the above purpose, simultaneously attempting to recognize the philosophical justifications and the bibliotherapeutical constituent elements, target demography and the areas with the best potential application, its benefits and limits to self improvement and behavioral changes in the individual. The evolution of the concept has been studied since Aristotle to contemporarily. Only with the effective knowledge of this reality it is possible to continue with this work. Furthermore it is important to understand the situation of reading in Portugal and the policies taken by the Portuguese governments in this area, in order to promote reading amongst the youth communities and the general population. Only based in these two intercrossing realities, it is possible to identify and to relate the question in study. Moreover there is to notice the existence of two kinds of Bibliotherapy, the Bibliotherapy-art and the Bibliotherapy-science, some of their similarities and disparities. The well wrought example of non-clinic Bibliotherapy application in prison institutions is shown by making an approach to the main questions in this field: the institutional, the psychosocial and the social reintegration aspects. Regarding this matter, it has been taken into consideration the IFLA recommendations to this population – Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners. All along the research and in a diagonal fashion there is the intention to highlight the bibliotherapeutic relations between patients, librarians and other intermediate people in the bibliotherapeutic process, such as physicians and reading managers. In conclusion it is shown that reading about specific themes, in any field of action and under the guidance of qualified professional personnel with extensive knowledge of the receiver‟s own issues and of the materials available – the book, in an extensive way – can, effectively, lead to therapeutic benefits amongst the readers.
Descrição
Orientação: Gisélia Felício
Palavras-chave
CIÊNCIAS DOCUMENTAIS, BIBLIOTERAPIA, BIBLIOTECONOMIA, ESTABELECIMENTOS PRISIONAIS, DOCUMENTARY SCIENCES, BIBLIOTHERAPY, LIBRARY SCIENCE, PRISONS, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DOCUMENTAIS, TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY