A monitorização da fadiga no voleibol competitivo : estudo descritivo
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2022
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Objetivo: Estudar os métodos aplicados para o controlo da carga de treino, fadiga e recuperação, por
treinadores de voleibol em Portugal. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de característica
observacional, realizada no período de junho a agosto de 2021, com os treinadores de equipa de voleibol
no âmbito competitivo, de vários escalões. O instrumento usado para a recolha dos dados foi o
questionário com 22 questões (Adaptado de Taylor et al., 2012). A amostra foi constituída por 33
treinadores que são responsáveis pela preparação física e técnico-tática, maioritariamente homens
(78,8%) que treinam apenas uma equipa (54%) na modalidade do voleibol (96%), exercem apenas a
função de treinador principal (78,8%), os treinados são indivíduos de faixa etária inferior a 20 anos
(60%). Resultados: Dentre os treinadores 58% são amadores, e apenas 21% fazem monitorização do
treino que quantifica a carga de treino e/ou monitorizar a fadiga, 43% monitorizam a carga com o
objetivo de avaliar a manutenção de desempenho dos treinados, a maioria (71%) possuem o foco na
quantificação da carga e monitorização da fadiga, 43% investem de 1 a 3 horas por semana para
coletarem os dados de monitorização dos treinos, a maioria (72%) investem de 1 a 3 horas por semana
para analisarem os dados de monitorização dos treinos, 57% usam um software especializado para
armazenarem os dados coletados de monitorização dos treinos, 57% levam menos de um dia e 43%
levam menos de uma hora para obterem o feedback dos atletas e outros funcionários. 57% dos
treinadores fazem a monitorização de forma presencial, diariamente (45%), 50% usam a classificação
de esforço percebido por sessão para quantificar a carga de treino, 57% usam os questionários de
autorrelato, 72% usam os questionários de autorelato por meio de formulários personalizados, 45% usam
teste de desempenho por meio de protocolos específicos do voleibol, e a maioria (72%) realiza mudanças
em suas prescrições. E todos (100%) realizam suas prescrições e mudanças baseado em uma análise
conjunta, baseado nas respostas individuais e coletivas. Conclusões: No voleibol foi possível observar
que realizar a monitorização diária da fadiga é uma atividade complexa e desafiadora. Fica evidente que
fazer o controlo de carga é treinar o atleta a atingir um desempenho competitivo de forma alto nível. Por
isso, é necessário o uso de programas de treino baseado na quantificação precisa das cargas de treino,
assim como mensurar a fadiga e recuperação do treinado, com o intuito de haver adaptações positivas e
prescrições seguras quanto ao desempenho do atleta. Os resultados obtidos permitem observar que a
maioria dos treinadores não monitoriza a fadiga, devido aos diversos desafios que tal prática possui, já
que, não é apenas uma variável única a ser monitorizada, mais sim um conjunto de variável fisiológicas,
bioquímicas, comportamentais e psicológicas, para que se tenham uma interpretação válida e conclusiva.
Purpose: The study aimed to study the methods applied to control training load, fatigue and recovery by volleyball coaches in Portugal. Method: This is a descriptive observational research, carried out from June to August 2021, with volleyball team coaches in the competitive field, at various levels. The sample consisted of thirty-three coaches who are responsible for physical and technical-tactical preparation. The sample consisted of 33 coaches, mostly men (78.7%), who train only one team (54%) in the volleyball modality (96%), exercise only the role of head coach (78.8%), those trained are individuals aged less than 20 years (60%). The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire with 22 questions (Adapted from Taylor et al., 2012). The sample consisted of 33 coaches who are responsible for physical and technical-tactical preparation, mostly men (78.8%) who train only one team (54%) in volleyball (96%), perform only the function of head coach (78.8%), the trained are individuals under the age of 20 years (60%). Results: Among the coaches, 58% are amateurs, and only 21% monitor the training that quantifies the training load and/or monitor fatigue, 43% monitor the load in order to assess the performance maintenance of the trained, the majority (71 %) focus on load quantification and fatigue monitoring, 43% invest 1 to 3 hours per week to collect training monitoring data, most 72% invest 1 to 3 hours per week to analyze training data. training monitoring, 57% use specialized software to store the collected training monitoring data, 57% take less than a day and 43% take less than an hour to get feedback from athletes and other staff. 57% of coaches monitor face-to-face, daily (45%), 50% use the perceived exertion rating per session to quantify training load, 57% use self-report questionnaires, 72% use self-report questionnaires by through personalized forms, 45% use performance testing through volleyball-specific protocols, and the majority (72%) make changes to their prescriptions. And all (100%) make their prescriptions and changes based on a joint analysis, based on individual and collective responses. Conclusion: In volleyball, it was possible to observe that performing daily fatigue monitoring is a complex and challenging activity. It is evident that to control the load is to train the athlete to reach a high-level competitive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to use training programs based on the precise quantification of training loads, as well as measuring the fatigue and recovery of the trained, in order to have positive adaptations and safe prescriptions regarding the athlete's performance. The results obtained allow us to observe that most coaches do not monitor fatigue, due to the various challenges that such practice has, since it is not just a single variable to be monitored, but a set of physiological, biochemical, behavioral and psychological variables, in order to have a valid and conclusive interpretation.
Purpose: The study aimed to study the methods applied to control training load, fatigue and recovery by volleyball coaches in Portugal. Method: This is a descriptive observational research, carried out from June to August 2021, with volleyball team coaches in the competitive field, at various levels. The sample consisted of thirty-three coaches who are responsible for physical and technical-tactical preparation. The sample consisted of 33 coaches, mostly men (78.7%), who train only one team (54%) in the volleyball modality (96%), exercise only the role of head coach (78.8%), those trained are individuals aged less than 20 years (60%). The instrument used for data collection was the questionnaire with 22 questions (Adapted from Taylor et al., 2012). The sample consisted of 33 coaches who are responsible for physical and technical-tactical preparation, mostly men (78.8%) who train only one team (54%) in volleyball (96%), perform only the function of head coach (78.8%), the trained are individuals under the age of 20 years (60%). Results: Among the coaches, 58% are amateurs, and only 21% monitor the training that quantifies the training load and/or monitor fatigue, 43% monitor the load in order to assess the performance maintenance of the trained, the majority (71 %) focus on load quantification and fatigue monitoring, 43% invest 1 to 3 hours per week to collect training monitoring data, most 72% invest 1 to 3 hours per week to analyze training data. training monitoring, 57% use specialized software to store the collected training monitoring data, 57% take less than a day and 43% take less than an hour to get feedback from athletes and other staff. 57% of coaches monitor face-to-face, daily (45%), 50% use the perceived exertion rating per session to quantify training load, 57% use self-report questionnaires, 72% use self-report questionnaires by through personalized forms, 45% use performance testing through volleyball-specific protocols, and the majority (72%) make changes to their prescriptions. And all (100%) make their prescriptions and changes based on a joint analysis, based on individual and collective responses. Conclusion: In volleyball, it was possible to observe that performing daily fatigue monitoring is a complex and challenging activity. It is evident that to control the load is to train the athlete to reach a high-level competitive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to use training programs based on the precise quantification of training loads, as well as measuring the fatigue and recovery of the trained, in order to have positive adaptations and safe prescriptions regarding the athlete's performance. The results obtained allow us to observe that most coaches do not monitor fatigue, due to the various challenges that such practice has, since it is not just a single variable to be monitored, but a set of physiological, biochemical, behavioral and psychological variables, in order to have a valid and conclusive interpretation.
Descrição
Orientação: Raquel Maria dos Santos Barreto Sajara Madeira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, FUTEBOL, ESTÁGIOS, TREINO DESPORTIVO, LESÕES, RELATÓRIOS DE ESTÁGIO, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, FOOTBALL, TRAINEESHIPS, SPORTS COACHING, INJURIES, INTERNSHIP REPORTS