Problemática das construções desordenadas : análise da morfologia urbana da cidade do Sumbe
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2020
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O crescimento e desenvolvimento das cidades angolanas tem sido o calcanhar de Aquiles para os governantes e a sociedade em geral. O crescimento desordenado acarreta um conjunto de problemas que não afeta somente a imagem da cidade, mas que se reflete sobretudo na qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, originando uma complexa e insustentável problemática.
A problemática afigura-se pela completa descaracterização das cidades e povoações herdadas do tempo colonial, pelo crescimento exponencial dos bairros e ocupações de caráter informal e autoconstruídos, vulgarmente chamados por Musseques.
A análise dos fatores que condicionaram (e condicionam) as construções desordenadas tem como base os fundamentos políticos, económicos, socais e culturais, e para a respetiva compreensão é necessário a convergência de abordagens pluridisciplinar.
A partir da análise da cidade do Sumbe onde coexistem de forma adstrita a cidade geométrica tradicional e o emaranhado orgânico de Musseques, que cresceram (e crescem) à volta da cidade velha (núcleo colonial), pretende-se refletir recorrendo a ferramentas da arquitetura e de princípios da morfologia urbana, sobre a génese dos problemas decorrentes das construções desordenadas, cujo o resultados são assentamentos labirínticos. De igual modo, pretende-se perceber de que forma a ocupação do território sem planeamento, numa escala micro e meso urbana, tem impacto na imagem da cidade e consequentemente na qualidade de vida dos cidadãos.
Por outo lado, a investigação chama atenção à análise do papel do cidadão dentro da sociedade, do arquiteto como coordenador do espaço e da arquitetura como criadora dos vários espaços da vida social e urbana, defendendo a noção do lar como uma das mais básicas necessidades de qualquer individuo.
The rise and development of the Angolan cities have been the Achilles' heel for all those in power and the civil society in general. The disorderly growth places a set of problems which affects not only the image of the city, but reflects itself mainly the citizen's standing of life, leading to an unbearable and troublesome problematic. These problematics comes out by the complete mischaracterization cities, towns and villages, which are a legacy of the colonial times, through the exponential overgrowth of neighborhoods and informal territorial occupations, self-built, usually called Musseques. The analysis of the factors which have determined (and still do) the disordered buildings, has in its core policies, on an economic, social and cultural basis. For their understanding its understanding there's a need to gather of pluridisciplinaries approaches. Through the analysis of de city of Sumbe, where do coexist in a side by side manner the traditionally geometrical conceived city and an organically mix of Musseques that have risen (and still do rise) around the old city (the colonial kernel), there comes an intention to think about it, holding hand of architectural tools as well as urban morphology principles, in order to explain the genesis of the current problems coming from the disorderly buildings, the result of which are labyrinthic settlements. By the same token there is an intention to understand in which way the territory occupation with no kind of planning, under a meso and micro scale, has its impact in the image of the city, and therefore in the standard of living of the population. This research is also a calling to reflect bout the individual’s role as a social being, of the architect as a space supervisor and of the architecture itself as maker of multiple rooms for the collective and urban life, taking the concept of home as the most elementary of the human being's needs.
The rise and development of the Angolan cities have been the Achilles' heel for all those in power and the civil society in general. The disorderly growth places a set of problems which affects not only the image of the city, but reflects itself mainly the citizen's standing of life, leading to an unbearable and troublesome problematic. These problematics comes out by the complete mischaracterization cities, towns and villages, which are a legacy of the colonial times, through the exponential overgrowth of neighborhoods and informal territorial occupations, self-built, usually called Musseques. The analysis of the factors which have determined (and still do) the disordered buildings, has in its core policies, on an economic, social and cultural basis. For their understanding its understanding there's a need to gather of pluridisciplinaries approaches. Through the analysis of de city of Sumbe, where do coexist in a side by side manner the traditionally geometrical conceived city and an organically mix of Musseques that have risen (and still do rise) around the old city (the colonial kernel), there comes an intention to think about it, holding hand of architectural tools as well as urban morphology principles, in order to explain the genesis of the current problems coming from the disorderly buildings, the result of which are labyrinthic settlements. By the same token there is an intention to understand in which way the territory occupation with no kind of planning, under a meso and micro scale, has its impact in the image of the city, and therefore in the standard of living of the population. This research is also a calling to reflect bout the individual’s role as a social being, of the architect as a space supervisor and of the architecture itself as maker of multiple rooms for the collective and urban life, taking the concept of home as the most elementary of the human being's needs.
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Orientação: Catarina Isabel Santos Patrício Leitão
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETURA, ARCHITECTURE, FORMAS URBANAS, URBAN FORMS, MUSSEQUE, MUSSEQUE, CONSTRUÇÃO CLANDESTINA, ILLEGAL CONSTRUCTION, ANGOLA, ANGOLA