Exclusão étnica, julgamento moral e emoções morais : estudo em adolescentes
Miniatura indisponível
Ficheiros
Data
2013
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Os pressupostos defendidos na declaração de Salamanca sobre a Educação Inclusiva não são fáceis de concretizar pois as pessoas, por causa de diferenças de sexo, etnia, aparência, etc, têm frequentemente condutas diferenciais. Um dos critérios sociais que mais provoca exclusão social são as diferenças étnicas, um fenómeno mais estudado pela psicologia social. Porém, a atitude de exclusão social pode estar relacionada com a
competência moral dos indivíduos, uma relação que foi analisada neste estudo. Para isso
recorremos ao suporte da psicologia moral que valoriza o papel das emoções na
compreensão das condutas sociais, bem exemplificada nos estudos do vitimizador feliz
(e.g., Arsenio & Kramer, 1992; Lourenço, 1998). Nas perspectivas mais recentes da
psicologia moral tem sido atribuída grande ênfase à necessidade de analisar cognições e
emoções nas condutas morais (e.g., Malti & Latzko, 2010; Turiel & Killen, 2010).
Apoiados no estudo de Malti, Killen & Gasser (2012) sobre a exclusão social
analisámos os julgamentos e as emoções morais de adolescentes em três contextos, etnia africana, etnia cigana e género, numa amostra de 45 adolescentes, com idades entre os
13 e os 19 anos, através da aplicação de uma versão traduzida da Survey Instrument for Measuring Judgments about Emotions about Exclusion (Malti, Killen & Gasser, 2009).
Os jovens avaliaram a exclusão étnica como mais incorreta que a exclusão por género mas não foram encontradas diferenças nos juízos e emoções expressas pelos
portugueses e estrangeiros. As emoções de culpa, tristeza, vergonha, atribuídas ao
excludente confirmam a avaliação negativa da atitude de exclusão. Porém, a emoção normal que revela indiferença expressa que alguns jovens avaliaram positivamente a
exclusão. A intensidade emocional intermédia das emoções atribuídas mostra inconsistência com o juízo moral. Relativamente ao excluído existe consenso pois as
emoções de tristeza e raiva foram as mais atribuídas. As justificações dos juízos e emoções atribuídos são de tipo diverso, ou seja, argumentos morais de justiça e
igualdade, argumentos de inclusão por empatia e argumentos convencionais relativos à
coesão intragrupal. A atitude de exclusão não é estritamente moral pois também é vista
em função de benefícios para o funcionamento do grupo. A relação complexa entre
juízos, emoções e justificações requisita mais investigação de modo a percebermos
melhor os processos psicológicos que induzem a conduta social.
Assumptions defended in Salamanca Statement about Inclusive Education aren’t easy to achieve because people often have differential behavior related with gender, ethnic, appearance, differences. One of major criteria of social exclusion is ethnic differences, a phenomenon mostly studied by social psychology. However, the attitude of social exclusion can be related to moral competence of individuals, a relationship that was analyzed in this study. Moral psychology that emphasizes the role of emotions in understanding social behavior was our support, namely, studies of happy victimizer (e.g., Arsenio & Kramer, 1992; Lawrence, 1998). In more recent perspectives of moral psychology major emphasis was given to analysis of relation between cognitions and emotions in moral behavior (e.g., Malti & Latzko, 2010; Killen & Turiel, 2010). Supported by the study on social exclusion (Malti, Killen & Gasser, 2012) we evaluate moral judgments and emotions of teenagers in three contexts, African ethnicity, Gipsy ethnicity and gender in a sample of 45 adolescents, ages 13 and 19, by applying a translated version of the Survey Instrument for Measuring Emotions about Judgments about Exclusion (Malti, Killen & Gasser, 2009). The adolescents evaluated ethnic exclusion more wrong than gender exclusion. No differences were found in judgments and emotions expressed by Portuguese and Foreigners youth. The emotions of guilt, sadness, shame, attributed to excluder confirm a negative evaluation of social exclusion. However, normal emotion who expresses indifference reveals that some young people have welcomed the deletion. The average emotional intensity attributed shows inconsistency with previous moral judgment. We found consensus in attribution of sadness and anger to the excluded. The justifications of judgments and emotions use different reasons, namely, moral arguments of justice and equality, inclusion arguments for empathy and conventional reasoning of intragroup cohesion. The attitude of exclusion is not strictly moral because it is also seen in terms of benefits to the functioning of the group. The complex relationship between judgments, emotions and justifications requires more research to better realize the psychological processes that induce social conduct.
Assumptions defended in Salamanca Statement about Inclusive Education aren’t easy to achieve because people often have differential behavior related with gender, ethnic, appearance, differences. One of major criteria of social exclusion is ethnic differences, a phenomenon mostly studied by social psychology. However, the attitude of social exclusion can be related to moral competence of individuals, a relationship that was analyzed in this study. Moral psychology that emphasizes the role of emotions in understanding social behavior was our support, namely, studies of happy victimizer (e.g., Arsenio & Kramer, 1992; Lawrence, 1998). In more recent perspectives of moral psychology major emphasis was given to analysis of relation between cognitions and emotions in moral behavior (e.g., Malti & Latzko, 2010; Killen & Turiel, 2010). Supported by the study on social exclusion (Malti, Killen & Gasser, 2012) we evaluate moral judgments and emotions of teenagers in three contexts, African ethnicity, Gipsy ethnicity and gender in a sample of 45 adolescents, ages 13 and 19, by applying a translated version of the Survey Instrument for Measuring Emotions about Judgments about Exclusion (Malti, Killen & Gasser, 2009). The adolescents evaluated ethnic exclusion more wrong than gender exclusion. No differences were found in judgments and emotions expressed by Portuguese and Foreigners youth. The emotions of guilt, sadness, shame, attributed to excluder confirm a negative evaluation of social exclusion. However, normal emotion who expresses indifference reveals that some young people have welcomed the deletion. The average emotional intensity attributed shows inconsistency with previous moral judgment. We found consensus in attribution of sadness and anger to the excluded. The justifications of judgments and emotions use different reasons, namely, moral arguments of justice and equality, inclusion arguments for empathy and conventional reasoning of intragroup cohesion. The attitude of exclusion is not strictly moral because it is also seen in terms of benefits to the functioning of the group. The complex relationship between judgments, emotions and justifications requires more research to better realize the psychological processes that induce social conduct.
Descrição
Orientação : Jorge Ferreira
Palavras-chave
PSICOLOGIA, EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL, RACISMO, ADOLESCENTES, PSYCHOLOGY, MARGINALISATION, RACISM, ADOLESCENTS, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA DA EDUCAÇÃO