Edifício escolar e ideologia : estudo comparativo dos edifícios das escolas técnicas industriais Afonso Domingues e Marquês de Pombal
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2009
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O presente estudo insere-se na problemática da construção de escolas do ensino industrial durante o período de vigência da Reforma do Ensino Técnico de 1948. Procurou-se conhecer a política de construção de escolas e o modo como a concepção dos edifícios se adequou ao ministério dos novos currículos e à ideologia que lhes era subjacente. As escolas industriais Marquês de Pombal e Afonso Domingues, edificadas durante o período já referido, constituíram o objecto deste estudo que se centrou na análise da sua arquitectura feita no pressuposto que, deste modo, poderíamos aceder a um melhor entendimento da relação existente entre a organização dos espaços construídos e os currículos definidos pela reforma e estruturados em função da ideologia e da política educacional do Estado Novo.
A Junta das Construções do Ensino Técnico e Secundário elaborou o projecto–tipo das escolas técnicas o qual esteve na base da construção das instalações edificadas nesse período. O estudo comparativo das instalações definitivas das duas escolas permitiu avaliar as diferenças existentes entre os seus edifícios, a começar pelo facto de a Escola Industrial Afonso Domingues ter seguido o projecto-tipo, enquanto que para a Escola Industrial Marquês de Pombal a Junta elaborou um ante-projecto e um projecto, seguindo um programa-base diferenciado, bastante mais ambicioso em termos de áreas, qualidade de espaços e respectivo dimensionamento.
Procurou-se evidenciar alguns aspectos em que a presença de um currículo oculto é notória, nomeadamente na configuração das salas de aula e das oficinas e dos espaços em que tinham lugar as actividades educativas e extra-curriculares organizadas pela Mocidade Portuguesa nas duas escolas.
This study deals with the issue of construction of industrial schools during the period of the Reform of Technical Education, 1948. The objective was to know the policy in school building and the way the design of buildings was adjusted to the perfect teaching of the new curricula and to the underlying ideology. The industrial schools Marquês de Pombal and Afonso Domingues, built during the period mentioned above, were the object of this study, which was centred upon the analysis of their architecture, based on the assumption that, this way, we could reach a better understanding of the relationship between the organization of the building spaces and the curricula set by the reform and structured in line with the ideology and educational policy of the Estado Novo. The Construction Board of the Technical and Secondary Education drafted the standard of technical schools, which was the basis of the construction of the facilities that were built in this period. The comparative study of the permanent premises of the two schools allowed to evaluate the differences between their buildings, starting with the fact that the Industrial School Afonso Domingues has followed the prototype-project, while for the Industrial School Marquês de Pombal the Board developed a preliminary project and a project, following a different guideline, far more ambitious in terms of areas, quality of spaces and their design. The author tried to evidence some aspects in which the presence of a hidden curriculum is notorious, namely in the configuration of the classrooms and workshops and of the spaces in which the educational activities and extra-curricular activities organized by the Mocidade Portuguesa took place at both schools.
This study deals with the issue of construction of industrial schools during the period of the Reform of Technical Education, 1948. The objective was to know the policy in school building and the way the design of buildings was adjusted to the perfect teaching of the new curricula and to the underlying ideology. The industrial schools Marquês de Pombal and Afonso Domingues, built during the period mentioned above, were the object of this study, which was centred upon the analysis of their architecture, based on the assumption that, this way, we could reach a better understanding of the relationship between the organization of the building spaces and the curricula set by the reform and structured in line with the ideology and educational policy of the Estado Novo. The Construction Board of the Technical and Secondary Education drafted the standard of technical schools, which was the basis of the construction of the facilities that were built in this period. The comparative study of the permanent premises of the two schools allowed to evaluate the differences between their buildings, starting with the fact that the Industrial School Afonso Domingues has followed the prototype-project, while for the Industrial School Marquês de Pombal the Board developed a preliminary project and a project, following a different guideline, far more ambitious in terms of areas, quality of spaces and their design. The author tried to evidence some aspects in which the presence of a hidden curriculum is notorious, namely in the configuration of the classrooms and workshops and of the spaces in which the educational activities and extra-curricular activities organized by the Mocidade Portuguesa took place at both schools.
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Orientação: Rosa Serradas Duarte
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ESTADO NOVO, PARQUE ESCOLAR, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, EDIFÍCIOS, IDEOLOGIAS POLÍTICAS, ENSINO TÉCNICO-PROFISSIONAL, ESCOLAS, ESTADO NOVO, SCHOOL BUILDINGS, EDUCATION, BUILDINGS, POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES, TECHNICAL-PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION, SCHOOLS