O efeito de um programa de exercício físico na capacidade funcional, nos fatores de risco de progressão da doença coronária e na qualidade de vida em doentes cardíacos
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Data
2011
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Considerando que a prática de exercício físico com uma intensidade pelo menos
moderada melhora a capacidade funcional (Maines et al., 1997; Clara et al., 2002; Olney et al.,
2006), a qualidade de vida (Leal et al., 2005; Azevedo & Leal, 2009; Flynn et al., 2009) e
diminui os fatores de risco coronários (Maines et al., 1997; Squires & Hamm, 2007; Perk,
2009; Pimenta, 2010), propõe-se com o presente estudo analisar o efeito do exercício físico
supervisionado, em fase ambulatório precoce, realizada na comunidade, ao nível da
recuperação de doentes cardíacos. Método: Aplicar-se-á um estudo experimental, em doentes
cardíacos de ambos os sexos, entre os 28 e os 80 anos. Atribuir-se-á particular ênfase às
alterações induzidas pela aplicação do programa de exercício físico nos parâmetros
bioquímicos (colesterol total, C-LDL, C-HDL, triglicéridos e glicose), na composição
corporal (peso, índice de massa corporal, perímetro da cintura), na capacidade funcional
(consumo de oxigénio pico –V02 pico, equivalente metabólico, duplo produto), no nível de
atividade física, na ingestão alimentar e na qualidade de vida. O estudo terá uma duração
superior a três meses, comparando dois grupos, um grupo submetido ao exercício físico
supervisionado (ES) e outro aos cuidados usuais (CU), os quais serão alvo de duas avaliações
(inicial e final), avaliando-se a média e o desvio-padrão para todas as variáveis em estudo e
recorrendo-se aos testes não paramétricos e paramétricos, para um nível de significância de
p< .05. Resultados: Foram elegidos 52 doentes, sendo que 22 participaram no grupo cuidados
usuais (CU) e 30 no grupo exercício físico supervisionado (ES), observando-se que o grupo
ES apresentou melhorias mais acentuadas quando comparadas com o grupo CU, ao nível dos
seguintes indicadores: dispêndio de kcal/semana (+697.22% vs +320.20%); PC (-3.19% vs
+5.85%); CT (-23.92% vs -9.29%), C-LDL (-32.52% vs -8.92%); total de kcal/dia ingeridas
(-33,31% vs -2.58%); VO2 pico (+30.88% vs -3.57%); qualidade de vida geral (+53.86% vs
+2.96%). Conclusão: Concluindo que o exercício físico multicomponente, inserido na fase de
ambulatório precoce na comunidade, potencia a recuperação de doentes cardíacos
influenciando positivamente os fatores de risco de progressão da doença coronária, a
capacidade funcional e a qualidade de vida fundamentais para que o doente possa, pelos seus
próprios meios, retomar a sua vida na comunidade.
Considering that the physical exercise with at least moderate intensity improves functional capacity (Maines et al., 1997; Clara et al., 2002; Olney et al., 2006), the quality of life (Leal et al., 2005; Leal & Azevedo, 2009; Flynn et al., 2009) and decreases coronary risk factors (Maines et al., 1997; Squires & Hamm, 2007; Perk, 2009; Pepper, 2010), this study proposes to examine the effect of supervised exercise in the early clinical phase held in the community, in the period of heart patients recovery. Method: This will be an experimental study of cardiac patients of both sexes, between 28 and 80 years old. In this study, special emphasis will be put on changes induced by application of physical exercise program in the biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides and glucose), body composition (weight, body mass index, perimeter waist), functional capacity (peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalent, double product), level of physical activity, food intake and quality of life. The study will last over three months. Two groups undergoing supervised exercise (ES) and usual care (UC) will be compared, which will also be the subjects of two evaluations (initial and final), evaluating the mean and standard for all study variables and resorting to the non-parametric and parametric tests for a significance level of p <.05. Results: We selected 52 patients, 22 patients participated in the usual care group (UC) and 30 patients in the supervised exercise (ES), noting that the ES group showed greater improvements compared with the CU group, for the level of following indicators: expenditure kcal / week (+697.22% vs +320.20%), PC (-3.19% vs +5.85%), CT (-23.92% vs -9.29%), LDL-C (-32.52% vs -8.92 %), total kcal/day ingested (-33.31% vs -2.58%), VO2peak (+30.88% vs -3.57%), overall quality of life (+53.86% vs +2.96%). Conclusion: We conclude that the multicomponent exercise program, introduced into the early stage of recovery in the clinic and in the community, enhanced the recovery of heart patients positively, influenced the risk factors for coronary disease progression, functional capacity and quality of life essential to the patients, enabling them to continue to participate in community life.
Considering that the physical exercise with at least moderate intensity improves functional capacity (Maines et al., 1997; Clara et al., 2002; Olney et al., 2006), the quality of life (Leal et al., 2005; Leal & Azevedo, 2009; Flynn et al., 2009) and decreases coronary risk factors (Maines et al., 1997; Squires & Hamm, 2007; Perk, 2009; Pepper, 2010), this study proposes to examine the effect of supervised exercise in the early clinical phase held in the community, in the period of heart patients recovery. Method: This will be an experimental study of cardiac patients of both sexes, between 28 and 80 years old. In this study, special emphasis will be put on changes induced by application of physical exercise program in the biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides and glucose), body composition (weight, body mass index, perimeter waist), functional capacity (peak oxygen consumption, metabolic equivalent, double product), level of physical activity, food intake and quality of life. The study will last over three months. Two groups undergoing supervised exercise (ES) and usual care (UC) will be compared, which will also be the subjects of two evaluations (initial and final), evaluating the mean and standard for all study variables and resorting to the non-parametric and parametric tests for a significance level of p <.05. Results: We selected 52 patients, 22 patients participated in the usual care group (UC) and 30 patients in the supervised exercise (ES), noting that the ES group showed greater improvements compared with the CU group, for the level of following indicators: expenditure kcal / week (+697.22% vs +320.20%), PC (-3.19% vs +5.85%), CT (-23.92% vs -9.29%), LDL-C (-32.52% vs -8.92 %), total kcal/day ingested (-33.31% vs -2.58%), VO2peak (+30.88% vs -3.57%), overall quality of life (+53.86% vs +2.96%). Conclusion: We conclude that the multicomponent exercise program, introduced into the early stage of recovery in the clinic and in the community, enhanced the recovery of heart patients positively, influenced the risk factors for coronary disease progression, functional capacity and quality of life essential to the patients, enabling them to continue to participate in community life.
Descrição
Orientador: Jorge Proença
Palavras-chave
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES, QUALIDADE DE VIDA, DESPORTO, SPORT, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, QUALITY OF LIFE, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR