Adesão sustentada a exercício físico em health clubs
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2022
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Objetivo: Esta dissertação teve dois objetivos: 1) rever e sintetizar a literatura existente relacionada com os determinantes demográficos, psicológicos e comportamentais, e perceber de que forma podem estes influenciar a adesão sustentada à pratica de exercício físico em contexto de health club; 2) realizar um estudo observacional que concretize um levantamento e análise dos dados sobre a adesão sustentada à prática de exercício físico em health club, bem como a identificação dos motivos de abandono em 2019 e 2020.
Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática rápida incluindo artigos quantitativos, publicados entre 2010 e 2021, com população adulta, ensaios clínicos e revisões publicadas em revistas científicas com revisão por pares e escritos em português, inglês e espanhol, e indexado na pubmed. Para o estudo observacional foi desenvolvido um questionário através do Google Forms, para avaliar aspectos quantitativos da adesão ao exercício físico, como por exemplo, a frequência média mensal, média de idades dos participantes e os principais motivos de abandono dos praticantes isto nos anos de 2019 e 2020. De seguida foram enviados para uma lista de contactos com cerca de 900 health clubs.
Resultados: Na revisão sistemática rápida foram encontrados 461 artigos através da pesquisa por palavra-chave e adicionados dois, de pesquisa manual. Destes, 7 estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, totalizando uma amostra de 1051 participantes. Um estudo era longitudinal prospetivo, um estudo transversal, dois estudos eram ensaios clínicos controlados e com amostra aleatória e, três ensaios clínicos não controlados. As variáveis estado civil, idade, situação profissional, raça/etnia, educação, género e paternidade foram identificadas como determinantes demográficos, as variáveis motivação, noção de saúde e bem-estar como determinantes psicológicos e as variáveis hábitos, comportamento passado e intenção foram identificadas como determinantes comportamentais. No estudo observacional foram obtidas 21 respostas, que representam 169 health clubs e cerca de 112 912 praticantes de exercício físico. O motivo de abandono mais vezes identificado em 2019 foi a falta de tempo, já em 2020 foi a pandemia por COVID-19. O número de novas inscrições e o número praticantes/sócios ativos reduziu do ano de 2019 para 2020 e o número de abandonos aumentou em igual período. Conclusões: Com base na pesquisa e no estudo levado a cabo, os nosso dados sugerem que os determinantes, motivação, noção de saúde e bem estar, e ainda, a intenção, hábitos e comportamento passado predizerem a adesão sustentada a prática de exercício físico em contexto de health club. Os motivos de abandono mais comuns no ano de 2019 e 2020, foram a mudança de morada de residência, situação profissional, motivos pessoais e financeiros, falta de tempo e ainda a inexistente frequência ao health club. Foi observado um decréscimo em todos os dados apresentados, à exceção do número de abandonos e taxa de abandono aos 6 meses, no entanto, são todos dados negativos para a adesão sustentada ao exercício físico.
Palavras-chave: Adesão Sustentada, Exercício Físico, Determinantes, Motivos de Abandono, Health Clubs
Objective: This dissertation had two objectives: 1) to review and synthesize the existing literature related to demographic, psychological and behavioral determinants, and to understand how these can influence the sustained adherence to the practice of physical exercise in a health club context; 2) to carry out an observational study to carry out a survey and analysis of data on sustained adherence to the practice of physical exercise in a health club, as well as the identification of reasons for abandonment in 2019 and 2020. Method: A rapid systematic review was performed including quantitative articles, published between 2010 and 2021, with an adult population, clinical trials and reviews published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and indexed in pubmed. For the observational study, a questionnaire was developed through Google Forms, to evaluate quantitative aspects of adherence to physical exercise, such as the average monthly frequency, average age of participants and the main reasons for abandonment of practitioners in the years 2019. and 2020. Then they were sent to a contact list with around 900 health clubs. Results: In the rapid systematic review, 461 articles were found through keyword search and two were added by manual search. Of these, 7 studies were included in this review, totaling a sample of 1051 participants. One study was a prospective longitudinal study, one was a cross-sectional study, two studies were randomized controlled trials and three were uncontrolled trials. The variables marital status, age, professional status, race/ethnicity, education, gender and paternity were identified as demographic determinants, the variables motivation, notion of health and well-being as psychological determinants and the variables habits, past behavior and intention were identified. as behavioral determinants. In the observational study, 21 responses were obtained, representing 169 health clubs and approximately 112,912 practitioners of physical exercise. The reason for abandonment most often identified in 2019 was lack of time, while in 2020 it was the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of new enrollments and the number of active practitioners/members decreased from 2019 to 2020 and the number of dropouts increased in the same period. Conclusions: Based on the research and study carried out, our data suggest that the determinants, motivation, notion of health and well-being, as well as intention, habits and past behavior predict sustained adherence to physical exercise in the context of health club. The most common reasons for dropping out in 2019 and 2020 were change of address, professional situation, personal and financial reasons, lack of time and still the non-existent attendance at the health club. A decrease was observed in all the data presented, with the exception of the number of dropouts and dropout rate at 6 months, however, these are all negative data for sustained adherence to physical exercise. Keyword: Sustained Adherence, Physical Exercise, Determinants, Reasons for Dropout, Health Clubs
Objective: This dissertation had two objectives: 1) to review and synthesize the existing literature related to demographic, psychological and behavioral determinants, and to understand how these can influence the sustained adherence to the practice of physical exercise in a health club context; 2) to carry out an observational study to carry out a survey and analysis of data on sustained adherence to the practice of physical exercise in a health club, as well as the identification of reasons for abandonment in 2019 and 2020. Method: A rapid systematic review was performed including quantitative articles, published between 2010 and 2021, with an adult population, clinical trials and reviews published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, and indexed in pubmed. For the observational study, a questionnaire was developed through Google Forms, to evaluate quantitative aspects of adherence to physical exercise, such as the average monthly frequency, average age of participants and the main reasons for abandonment of practitioners in the years 2019. and 2020. Then they were sent to a contact list with around 900 health clubs. Results: In the rapid systematic review, 461 articles were found through keyword search and two were added by manual search. Of these, 7 studies were included in this review, totaling a sample of 1051 participants. One study was a prospective longitudinal study, one was a cross-sectional study, two studies were randomized controlled trials and three were uncontrolled trials. The variables marital status, age, professional status, race/ethnicity, education, gender and paternity were identified as demographic determinants, the variables motivation, notion of health and well-being as psychological determinants and the variables habits, past behavior and intention were identified. as behavioral determinants. In the observational study, 21 responses were obtained, representing 169 health clubs and approximately 112,912 practitioners of physical exercise. The reason for abandonment most often identified in 2019 was lack of time, while in 2020 it was the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of new enrollments and the number of active practitioners/members decreased from 2019 to 2020 and the number of dropouts increased in the same period. Conclusions: Based on the research and study carried out, our data suggest that the determinants, motivation, notion of health and well-being, as well as intention, habits and past behavior predict sustained adherence to physical exercise in the context of health club. The most common reasons for dropping out in 2019 and 2020 were change of address, professional situation, personal and financial reasons, lack of time and still the non-existent attendance at the health club. A decrease was observed in all the data presented, with the exception of the number of dropouts and dropout rate at 6 months, however, these are all negative data for sustained adherence to physical exercise. Keyword: Sustained Adherence, Physical Exercise, Determinants, Reasons for Dropout, Health Clubs
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Orientação: Hugo Carlos Fernandes Vieira Pereira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, SPORT, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, HEALTH CLUBS