Impacto do locus de controlo e do rendimento sobre o bem-estar subjectivo
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2012
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O estudo do bem-estar subjectivo (BES) tem vindo a desenvolver-se nos últimos anos,
associado ao surgimento da Psicologia Positiva. A investigação sobre o BES está
direccionada para o facto de os indivíduos, mais do que procurarem apenas evitar o mal-estar,
procurarem a felicidade (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b). No sentido de perceber o que faz com
que alguns indivíduos se sintam mais felizes que outros, a investigação empírica, de entre
outros factores, destaca o locus de controlo (LC) e o rendimento como variáveis com um
impacto relevante sobre o BES. Assim, o presente estudo propõe-se a: 1) explorar a relação
entre o BES e o rendimento e 2) explorar o impacto da percepção de controlo sobre o BES, no
actual contexto de crise económica e financeira em Portugal. Indivíduos com níveis altos de
BES apresentam satisfação com a vida no geral, presença de afectos positivos e relativa
ausência de afectos negativos. Por essa razão utilizou-se a Escala de Afectos Positivos e
Negativos (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b) e a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (Simões, 2003)
para medir o BES. Para apurar as categorias de rendimento e obter a caracterização da
amostra utilizou-se um questionário socio-demográfico e para medir a externalidade do locus
de controlo (LCE) foi utilizada a escala I-E de ROTTER (Barros, Barros e Neto, 1993). A
amostra do estudo é composta por 184 sujeitos, com idades entre os 21 e os 78 anos
(M=37,72; DP=11,396), que auferem diferentes níveis de rendimentos e que se consideram
saudáveis. Os resultados indicam: a) o factor rendimento não tem impacto no BES, não se
verificando diferenças estatisticamente significativas; b) existem correlações estatisticamente
significativas entre as três dimensões do BES e o LCE.
In the last few years, subjective well-being (SWB) studies have been evolving associated with the rising of Positive Psychology. SWB investigations are directed towards the fact that the individual, more than just looking for ways to avoid sadness, looks for happiness (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b). With the purpose of understanding what makes some people to be happier than others, empirical research specially focus on the locus of control and income as variables of great impact towards SWB. Thus, this research proposes to: 1) explore the relationship between SWB and income and 2) explore the impact of the perceived control on SWB in the current financial Portuguese crisis context. Individuals with high levels of SWB are, in general, more satisfied with life, have more positive affects and a relative absence of negative affects. For this reason, the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b) and the Scale with Life Satisfaction (Simões, 2003) were used in the present research, to measure SWB. A social and demographic questionnaire was used to typify the income categories and study sample and the I-E Rotter Scale (Barros, Barros e Neto, 1993) was used to measure the external locus of control. The study sample is composed of 184 individuals with ages between 21 and 78 years old (M=37,72; DP=11,396), with different levels of income and all consider themselves as healthy. The results reveal that: a) the income has no impact on SWB, with no statistical significant differentiations; b) statistically significant correlations were observed between the three dimensions of SWB and the external locus of control.
In the last few years, subjective well-being (SWB) studies have been evolving associated with the rising of Positive Psychology. SWB investigations are directed towards the fact that the individual, more than just looking for ways to avoid sadness, looks for happiness (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b). With the purpose of understanding what makes some people to be happier than others, empirical research specially focus on the locus of control and income as variables of great impact towards SWB. Thus, this research proposes to: 1) explore the relationship between SWB and income and 2) explore the impact of the perceived control on SWB in the current financial Portuguese crisis context. Individuals with high levels of SWB are, in general, more satisfied with life, have more positive affects and a relative absence of negative affects. For this reason, the Positive and Negative Affects Scale (Galinha & Ribeiro, 2005b) and the Scale with Life Satisfaction (Simões, 2003) were used in the present research, to measure SWB. A social and demographic questionnaire was used to typify the income categories and study sample and the I-E Rotter Scale (Barros, Barros e Neto, 1993) was used to measure the external locus of control. The study sample is composed of 184 individuals with ages between 21 and 78 years old (M=37,72; DP=11,396), with different levels of income and all consider themselves as healthy. The results reveal that: a) the income has no impact on SWB, with no statistical significant differentiations; b) statistically significant correlations were observed between the three dimensions of SWB and the external locus of control.
Descrição
Orientação: Inês Franco Alexandre ; co-orientação: Fernando Branco
Palavras-chave
PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA POSITIVA, BEM-ESTAR SUBJETIVO, LOCUS DE CONTROLO, RENDIMENTOS, CRISES ECONÓMICAS, PSYCHOLOGY, POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING, LOCUS OF CONTROL, INCOME, ECONOMIC CRISIS, MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA, ACONSELHAMENTO E PSICOTERAPIAS