Estabilidade do comportamento antissocial (ODD/CD) com início na primeira infância e adolescência
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A literatura atual tem destacado um aumento significativo no número de crianças encaminhadas clinicamente devido a manifestações relacionadas à saúde mental, sendo os problemas de comportamento a razão mais comum para encaminhamento. Embora haja alguma resistência em diagnosticar tais problemas em crianças muito jovens, padrões crónicos de comportamento problemático podem ser identificados na primeira infância. Nesse contexto, tem havido um interesse contínuo na compreensão dos padrões de estabilidade, continuidade e mudança nos problemas disruptivos na infância, abrangendo as perturbações de conduta (PC) e a perturbação desafiante de oposição (PDO). Efetivamente, estudos epidemiológicos demonstraram que as taxas de prevalência de PC e PDO em crianças em idade pré-escolar são semelhantes às encontradas mais tarde na infância e na adolescência. Face ao exposto, torna-se importante reunir evidências acerca da estabilidade das perturbações disruptivas do comportamento desde a infância à idade adulta. Este objetivo foi levado a cabo através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que procurou reunir evidências através de estudos relacionados com o tema, identificados através da pesquisa sistemática em bases de dados (e.g., EBSCO, Web of Science e Pubmed), aplicado critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão aquando da seleção dos mesmos. Desta forma foi incluído na presente revisão sistemática um total de 17 estudos que apresentaram qualidade metodológica. Os resultados apontam para uma estabilidade significativa de comportamentos antissociais em diversas idades coincidentes com os tempos de avaliação. A estabilidade dos sintomas também parece ser influenciada por fatores de gênero, em alguns casos sendo mais prevalente em crianças do sexo masculino. Os resultados ainda sugerem que os fatores ambientais desempenham um papel importante para o aumento dos sintomas. Estes resultados têm importantes implicações práticas, sugerindo que a identificação precoce de comportamentos antissociais em crianças pode permitir o desenvolvimento de intervenções preventivas eficazes, que possam evitar a evolução destes comportamentos para formas mais severas.
Current literature has highlighted a significant increase in the number of children clinically referred due to mental health-related manifestations, with behavioral problems being the most common reason for referral. Although there is some resistance to diagnosing such problems in very young children, chronic patterns of problematic behavior can be identified in early childhood. In this context, there has been ongoing interest in understanding the patterns of stability, continuity and change in disruptive problems in childhood, covering conduct disorders (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence rates of CD and ODD in pre-school children are similar to those found later in childhood and adolescence. In view of the above, it is important to gather evidence about the stability of disruptive behavior disorders from childhood to adulthood. This objective was carried out through a systematic review of the literature, which sougth to gather evidence through studies related to the topic, identified through systematic research in databases (e.g., EBSCO, Web of Science and Pubmed), applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria when selecting them. A total of 17 studies with good methodological quality were included in this systematic review. The results point to a significant stability of antisocial behavior at different ages, coinciding with the assessment times. The stability of symptoms also seems to be influenced by gender factors, in some cases being more prevalent in male children. The results also suggest that environmental factors play an important role in the increase in symptoms. There results have important practical implications, suggesting that the early identification of antisocial behavior in children may allow for the development of effective preventive interventions that can avoid the evolution of these behaviors into more severe forms.
Current literature has highlighted a significant increase in the number of children clinically referred due to mental health-related manifestations, with behavioral problems being the most common reason for referral. Although there is some resistance to diagnosing such problems in very young children, chronic patterns of problematic behavior can be identified in early childhood. In this context, there has been ongoing interest in understanding the patterns of stability, continuity and change in disruptive problems in childhood, covering conduct disorders (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Indeed, epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence rates of CD and ODD in pre-school children are similar to those found later in childhood and adolescence. In view of the above, it is important to gather evidence about the stability of disruptive behavior disorders from childhood to adulthood. This objective was carried out through a systematic review of the literature, which sougth to gather evidence through studies related to the topic, identified through systematic research in databases (e.g., EBSCO, Web of Science and Pubmed), applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria when selecting them. A total of 17 studies with good methodological quality were included in this systematic review. The results point to a significant stability of antisocial behavior at different ages, coinciding with the assessment times. The stability of symptoms also seems to be influenced by gender factors, in some cases being more prevalent in male children. The results also suggest that environmental factors play an important role in the increase in symptoms. There results have important practical implications, suggesting that the early identification of antisocial behavior in children may allow for the development of effective preventive interventions that can avoid the evolution of these behaviors into more severe forms.