A influência, no cálculo da velocidade crítica, de diferentes combinações de distâncias de nado
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2019
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A avaliação da capacidade aeróbia é fundamental para a prescrição e controlo do
treino. De forma a evitar os métodos invasivos que são extremamente morosos e
dispendiosos, foi usado um método de controlo não invasivo e extremamente simples, a
Velocidade Crítica (VC) na modalidade de Natação Pura Desportiva (NPD).
O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da utilização de diferentes
combinações de distâncias de nado, no cálculo da VC e da Capacidade de Trabalho
Anaeróbia (CTA), utilizando diversas distâncias de nado (curtas, médias e longas distâncias).
Foram avaliados 14 atletas federados em NPD de uma equipa de natação do distrito
do Porto, sendo 11 nadadores do género masculino (78,57%) e 3 do género feminino
(21,43%), com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 25 anos (17,36 ± 4,09).
A VC foi determinada pelo coeficiente angular e a CTA pelo coeficiente linear da
reta de regressão linear, entre as distâncias e os tempos obtidos nas repetições. Para
determinar a VC e a CTA utilizou-se cinco distâncias (50, 100, 200, 400 e 800m) com o
intervalo de 24 horas entre cada repetição. Posteriormente, realizou-se quatro combinações
de distâncias: VC1 (50, 100 e 200m), VC2 (100, 200 e 400m), VC3 (200, 400 e 800m) e
VC4 (50, 100, 200, 400 e 800m).
Para verificar a normalidade na distribuição dos dados, realizou-se o teste estatístico
de Shapiro-Wilk. A ANOVA One-Way foi utilizada para comparar a VC e CTA nas
diferentes combinações de distâncias de nado (p < 0,05).
Observou-se que a combinação de curtas distâncias (VC1) da variável VC (1,25 ±
0,19 m/s) foi consideravelmente maior em comparação com a combinação de médias (VC2)
e longas (VC3) distâncias (1,21 ± 0,19; 1,13 ± 0,16; 1,15 ± 0,17 m/s). Ao invés, as
combinações de curtas distâncias (VC1) da variável CTA (10,40 ± 2,99 m) foram inferiores
em comparação com as restantes distâncias (15,05 ± 6,82; 33,30 ± 19,68; 20,88 ± 82 m).
Perante os dados obtidos, concluiu-se que as distâncias utilizadas têm grande
interferência nos valores da VC e da CTA, podendo conduzir a situações de estimação do
limiar anaeróbio acima ou abaixo do valor esperado, com maior evidência nas menores
distâncias utilizadas.
Evaluation aerobic capacity is pivotal in the prescription and control of training. In order to avoid invasive methods, expensive and time consuming, we used a non-invasive and simple method, Critical Speed (CP) in swimming. The purpose of the present study was to verify the using influence of different combinations of swimming distances, in the estimation of CP and Anaerobic Work Capacity (AWC), using different swimming distances (short, medium and long distances). Fourteen federate athletes in swimming, from a swimming team in the district of Porto were evaluated, 11 males (78,5%) and 3 females (21,43%), aging from 13 and 25 years (17,36 ± 4,09). CP was determined through angular coefficient, and AWC through linear regression analysis between the distances and the times obtained throughout the repetitions. In order to determine CP and AWC, we used five distances (50,100, 200, 400 and 800 m) with a 24 hours interval between repetitions. Afterwards, four distance combinations were used: CP1 (50, 100 and 200 m), CP2 (100, 200 and 400 m), CP3 (200, 400 and 800) and CP4 (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 m). A Shapiro-Wilk test was used in order to verify normality in data distribution. ANOVA one way was used to compare CP and AWC in different combinations of swimming distances (p< 0,05). We observed that the short distance combination (CP1) of the CP variable (1,25 ± 0,19 m/s) was considerably higher when compared with those of medium (CP2) and long (CP3) distances (1,21 ± 0,19; 1,13 ± 0,16; 1,15 ± 0,17 m/s). On the contrary, short distance combinations (CP1) of the AWC variable (10,40 ± 2,99 m) were lowers when compared with the other distances (15,05 ± 6,82; 33,30 ± 19,68; 20,88 ± 82 m). Results suggest that distances do have significant interference on the CP and AWC values, which may lead to situations of anaerobic threshold estimation above or below the expected value, with greater evidence of the shorter distances used.
Evaluation aerobic capacity is pivotal in the prescription and control of training. In order to avoid invasive methods, expensive and time consuming, we used a non-invasive and simple method, Critical Speed (CP) in swimming. The purpose of the present study was to verify the using influence of different combinations of swimming distances, in the estimation of CP and Anaerobic Work Capacity (AWC), using different swimming distances (short, medium and long distances). Fourteen federate athletes in swimming, from a swimming team in the district of Porto were evaluated, 11 males (78,5%) and 3 females (21,43%), aging from 13 and 25 years (17,36 ± 4,09). CP was determined through angular coefficient, and AWC through linear regression analysis between the distances and the times obtained throughout the repetitions. In order to determine CP and AWC, we used five distances (50,100, 200, 400 and 800 m) with a 24 hours interval between repetitions. Afterwards, four distance combinations were used: CP1 (50, 100 and 200 m), CP2 (100, 200 and 400 m), CP3 (200, 400 and 800) and CP4 (50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 m). A Shapiro-Wilk test was used in order to verify normality in data distribution. ANOVA one way was used to compare CP and AWC in different combinations of swimming distances (p< 0,05). We observed that the short distance combination (CP1) of the CP variable (1,25 ± 0,19 m/s) was considerably higher when compared with those of medium (CP2) and long (CP3) distances (1,21 ± 0,19; 1,13 ± 0,16; 1,15 ± 0,17 m/s). On the contrary, short distance combinations (CP1) of the AWC variable (10,40 ± 2,99 m) were lowers when compared with the other distances (15,05 ± 6,82; 33,30 ± 19,68; 20,88 ± 82 m). Results suggest that distances do have significant interference on the CP and AWC values, which may lead to situations of anaerobic threshold estimation above or below the expected value, with greater evidence of the shorter distances used.
Descrição
Orientação: Raquel Maria dos Santos Barreto Saraja Madeira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM TREINO DESPORTIVO, DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, NATAÇÃO, RESISTÊNCIA ANAERÓBIA, TREINO DESPORTIVO, VELOCIDADE, SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SWIMMING, ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE, SPORTS COACHING, SPEED