Satisfação/Frustração das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas : um estudo sobre a sua associação com a motivação e o envolvimento no exercício em contextos de ginásios e health club´s
Miniatura indisponível
Data
2014
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Introdução: Procurámos analisar as associações entre as regulações
motivacionais, a satisfação/frustração das necessidades psicológicas básicas e o grau de
envolvimento dos praticantes em contexto de ginásios e health clubs (GHC) e os constructos previstos pela Teoria da Auto Determinação (TAD).
Método: Efetuámos uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL), seguida de um
estudo observacional no qual aplicámos questionários psicométricos para avaliar a
satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, as regulações motivacionais, o grau de
frustração/satisfação das necessidades e o grau de envolvimento para a prática de
exercício. A amostra consistiu em 63 clientes (idade = 41.94 anos, SD = 15.30).
Resultados: Na RSL encontrámos 7 estudos onde foram encontradas
associações positivas entre o clima de suporte de autonomia do instrutor, com a
satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas, uma motivação mais autónoma e o
aumento da frequência/adesão ao exercício. No estudo observacional os resultados
revelaram que a satisfação da autonomia e de competência estão associadas a um nível
de motivação mais autodeterminado (intrínseca, identificada e integrada) (todos
p<0,01), a satisfação da relação esteve associada apenas com a motivação integrada
(r(63)=0,31, p=0,013). Os tipos de motivação autónomos estiveram associados a um
maior grau de envolvimento (todos p<0,01). O nosso estudo sugere ainda uma
associação negativa dos graus de frustração com os tipos de motivação mais controlados
(amotivação e motivação externa) bem como com menores graus de envolvimento
(comportamental, emocional).
Discussão: Concluiu-se que os fatores motivacionais e comportamentais do
exercício físico em GHC explicam parcialmente os motivos de um indivíduo se envolver regularmente em exercício. Verificámos ainda que a frustração das
necessidades psicológicas básicas está associada a níveis de motivação mais controlados
e a um grau de envolvimento menor. Não encontrámos eco na literatura para este resultado, sendo assim um elemento de inovação a ser considerado no nosso estudo.
Introduction: We analyzed the associations between motivational regulations, satisfaction \ frustration of basic psychological needs and the level of engagement of practitioners in the context of gyms and health clubs (GHC) and the constructs provided by the Self Determination Theory (SDT). Methods: We performed a systematic literature review (SLR), followed by an observational study in which we applied psychometric tests to assess the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivational regulations, the degree of frustration and satisfaction of needs and the degree of engagement to the practice of exercise. The sample consisted of 63 clients (age = 41.94 years, SD = 15.30). Results: In the SLR we found seven studies where positive associations were found between the climate of support for the autonomy of the instructor, with the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, greater self motivational regulation and increased frequency/adherence to exercise. In the observational study, the results showed that satisfaction levels in regards to autonomy and competence were associated with a more self-determined level of motivation (intrinsic, identified and integrated motivations) (all p < 0.01), the satisfaction of the need of relation was only associated with the integrated motivation (r (63) = 0.31, p = 0.013). The most self-determined motivations were associated with a higher degree of engagement (all p < 0.01). Our study also suggests a negative association of degrees of frustration with more controlled motivation levels (amotivation and external motivation) as well as lesser degrees of engagement (behavioural, emotional). Discussion: It was concluded that the motivational and behavioural factors of physical exercise in GHC partially explain the reasons for an individual´s to engage in regular exercise. We also found that the frustration of basic psychological needs is associated with more controlled levels of motivation and a lesser degree of engagement. We did not find echo in the literature for this result, as well as an element of innovation to be considered in our study.
Introduction: We analyzed the associations between motivational regulations, satisfaction \ frustration of basic psychological needs and the level of engagement of practitioners in the context of gyms and health clubs (GHC) and the constructs provided by the Self Determination Theory (SDT). Methods: We performed a systematic literature review (SLR), followed by an observational study in which we applied psychometric tests to assess the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, motivational regulations, the degree of frustration and satisfaction of needs and the degree of engagement to the practice of exercise. The sample consisted of 63 clients (age = 41.94 years, SD = 15.30). Results: In the SLR we found seven studies where positive associations were found between the climate of support for the autonomy of the instructor, with the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, greater self motivational regulation and increased frequency/adherence to exercise. In the observational study, the results showed that satisfaction levels in regards to autonomy and competence were associated with a more self-determined level of motivation (intrinsic, identified and integrated motivations) (all p < 0.01), the satisfaction of the need of relation was only associated with the integrated motivation (r (63) = 0.31, p = 0.013). The most self-determined motivations were associated with a higher degree of engagement (all p < 0.01). Our study also suggests a negative association of degrees of frustration with more controlled motivation levels (amotivation and external motivation) as well as lesser degrees of engagement (behavioural, emotional). Discussion: It was concluded that the motivational and behavioural factors of physical exercise in GHC partially explain the reasons for an individual´s to engage in regular exercise. We also found that the frustration of basic psychological needs is associated with more controlled levels of motivation and a lesser degree of engagement. We did not find echo in the literature for this result, as well as an element of innovation to be considered in our study.
Descrição
Orientação : António Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, SPORT, MOTIVAÇÃO, MOTIVATION, HEALTH CLUBS, HEALTH CLUBS, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, GINÁSIOS, SPORT GYMS, TEORIA DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO, SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY