A relevância da educação sexual no 1ºciclo do ensino básico: relato do impacto de um projeto de investigação-ação no âmbito da formação contínua de professores
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Data
2014
Autores
Lobão, António José da Silva Correia
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Resumo
A Educação Sexual destinada a crianças é um tema controverso e objeto de múltiplas discussões.
Apesar da legislação existente que impõe a obrigatoriedade da inserção da Educação Sexual, em meio
escolar, nomeadamente no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, esta tem encontrado resistências por parte de
elementos da Sociedade, por exemplo, da Plataforma de Resistência Nacional, não sendo levada a efeito
de forma sistemática, neste nível de ensino.
Perante tais desideratos, com este estudo em Educação pretendemos avaliar o impacto de um
projeto de investigação-ação no âmbito de Educação Sexual no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, com vista à
modificação desta situação, e determinar se nos participantes envolvidos houve, ou não, alteração das
suas perceções, quanto ao conhecimento e à relevância da Educação Sexual neste grau de ensino.
O Projeto/Programa, construído e aplicado, inspirou-se em algumas das fases e das metodologias
usadas no «Projeto Harimaguada». Englobou um plano de formação (oficina de formação), ministrada
aos docentes participantes e englobou, ainda, um Caderno Prático de Aplicação, alusivo ao tema e
destinado e aplicado aos alunos.
A Investigação-ação foi desenvolvida em duas escolas do 1º Ciclo, em cenário de Supervisão
Clínica, combinando o processo investigativo com a prática de ensino, em que intervieram dois grupos de
professores e alunos, e encarregados de educação. À amostra foram aplicados questionários de questões
abertas e fechadas e foi feita uma entrevista a um elemento do Órgão de Gestão. Os dados obtidos foram
tratados estatisticamente e feita uma análise de conteúdo quando tal se justificava.
Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que a participação dos alunos e docentes no âmbito da
Investigação-ação desenvolvida teve um impacto positivo na alteração das suas perceções sobre o
conhecimento e relevância da Educação Sexual no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Tal sugere importância da
formação específica e adequada neste nível de ensino, com a aquisição de conhecimentos cientificopedagógicos,
de boas práticas, de metodologias e de estratégias apropriadas, em meio escolar,
particularmente em contexto de sala de aula e com crianças do 1º Ciclo.
É, pois, urgente envolver os alunos, os professores e toda a restante comunidade educativa em
atividades relacionadas com a sexualidade e saúde infantis, dando primazia às dimensões ligadas ao
conhecimento do corpo, à promoção do bem-estar físico, emocional e social das crianças, ou seja, ao seu
desenvolvimento integral.
The Sexual Education focused on children is a controversial topic and the subject of many discussions. Despite the existing legislation refer to the compulsory inclusion of sexual education in an early level, there is to say, from the first cycle of Basic Education, this has encountered resistance from some elements of society, notably the National Resistance platform. Therefore, we can see that at this level of education, Sexual Education is not being implemented in a systematic way. Before such ambitions and in the present study we evaluated the impact of the implementation of an action-research project related to Sexual Education in the first cycle of Basic Education, in order to modify perceptions about the knowledge and the relevance of the thematic in this educational level. The Project/Program applied is mostly based on the methodologies used by Harimaguada project. This Project/Program set out a plan for teacher training (training workshop) and a practical Notebook Application about the thematic designed and applied to students. The action-research comprises two schools of the first cycle of Basic Education. The actionresearch has been developed based on Clinical Supervision, combining the investigative process to the practice of teaching. The participants were two groups of teachers and students, as well as their careers. Questionnaires were applied including open and closed questions and an interview was conducted to an element of the school Board. The collected data were presented and processed statistically and content analysis was made. The results show that the participation of students and teachers in this action research project had a positive impact on the change of the perceptions of the knowledge and the relevance of Sexual Education in the first cycle of Basic Education. This means that a specific and adequate teacher training at this level of education and the adoption of best practices in classroom context, the acquisition of scientific-pedagogical knowledge, of methodologies and appropriate strategies to students of this age level will be very important. There is an urgent need to involve the students, teachers and other educational community in activities related to sexuality and children's health, giving primacy to the dimensions related to the knowledge of the body, to promote physical, emotional and social well-being of children, i.e. to their integral development.
The Sexual Education focused on children is a controversial topic and the subject of many discussions. Despite the existing legislation refer to the compulsory inclusion of sexual education in an early level, there is to say, from the first cycle of Basic Education, this has encountered resistance from some elements of society, notably the National Resistance platform. Therefore, we can see that at this level of education, Sexual Education is not being implemented in a systematic way. Before such ambitions and in the present study we evaluated the impact of the implementation of an action-research project related to Sexual Education in the first cycle of Basic Education, in order to modify perceptions about the knowledge and the relevance of the thematic in this educational level. The Project/Program applied is mostly based on the methodologies used by Harimaguada project. This Project/Program set out a plan for teacher training (training workshop) and a practical Notebook Application about the thematic designed and applied to students. The action-research comprises two schools of the first cycle of Basic Education. The actionresearch has been developed based on Clinical Supervision, combining the investigative process to the practice of teaching. The participants were two groups of teachers and students, as well as their careers. Questionnaires were applied including open and closed questions and an interview was conducted to an element of the school Board. The collected data were presented and processed statistically and content analysis was made. The results show that the participation of students and teachers in this action research project had a positive impact on the change of the perceptions of the knowledge and the relevance of Sexual Education in the first cycle of Basic Education. This means that a specific and adequate teacher training at this level of education and the adoption of best practices in classroom context, the acquisition of scientific-pedagogical knowledge, of methodologies and appropriate strategies to students of this age level will be very important. There is an urgent need to involve the students, teachers and other educational community in activities related to sexuality and children's health, giving primacy to the dimensions related to the knowledge of the body, to promote physical, emotional and social well-being of children, i.e. to their integral development.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria José Sá Correia ; co-orientação: Ana Paula Cardoso
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, DOUTORAMENTO EM EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL, INVESTIGAÇÃO-AÇÃO, ENSINO BÁSICO 1º CICLO, PERCEÇÃO, EDUCATION, SEX EDUCATION, TEACHERS EDUCATION, ACTION RESEARCH, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PERCEPTION, FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES