Aptidão física na população escolar de uma escola do concelho de Sintra, num período de três anos
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2012
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A crescente necessidade de encontrar estratégias que potenciem a melhoria da Aptidão Física
das populações e que diminuam a incidência de casos de sobrepeso e obesidade, impõe que
seja feito um levantamento, tão rigoroso quanto possível, dos níveis em que se encontram
esses indicadores. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a Aptidão Física dos alunos de uma
escola secundária pública da região suburbana de Lisboa, num período de três anos
consecutivos. Procurou-se: identificar os níveis de Aptidão Aeróbia e Aptidão Muscular –
força e resistência muscular dos jovens de ambos os géneros; identificar os Índices de Massa
Corporal (IMC), para determinar as percentagens de sobrepeso e obesidade; verificar quais as
proporções relativas ao posicionamento desses níveis relativamente à Zona Saudável da
Aptidão Física (ZSAF), segundo os normativos propostos no protocolo Fitnessgram©;
verificar o comportamento dos níveis de Aptidão Física no global da amostra, por género, por
idade, e comparar as médias dos scores iniciais e finais em cada ano e durante os três anos. A
amostra é constituída por 582 sujeitos, sendo 316 do género feminino e 266 do género
masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 17 anos (15,97+0,88 anos). No
tratamento e análise dos dados utilizou-se o SPSS Statistics© e o Microsoft Excel 2007.
Foram aplicadas como técnicas de estatística descritiva a média e o desvio padrão; para
comparar as médias e para determinar a amplitude de variação foram aplicados,
respetivamente, o teste t de Student e a One Way Anova. Para verificar a existência de
associação entre as variáveis, foi aplicado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. As
principais conclusões foram: 1) Existem diferenças significativas entre os níveis de Aptidão
Física dos dois géneros. Os rapazes apresentam níveis significativamente mais elevados do
que as raparigas em todas as idades. 2) Não se verificam aumentos significativos do IMC
com a idade em qualquer dos géneros. 3) Em ambos os géneros as médias dos scores obtidas
encontram-se dentro da ZSAF, em relação à idade média da amostra. 4) Verificam-se
diferenças significativas entre os géneros em todas as variáveis funcionais da Aptidão Física
estudadas; verificam-se aumentos significativos de todas as variáveis com a idade, quando
considerada a amostra no seu conjunto; quando considerado o género, verificam-se aumentos
em todas as variáveis com a idade, que apenas não são significativos na primeira avaliação do
Vai-vem das raparigas e na segunda avaliação dos Abdominais em ambos os géneros. 5) A
única prova em que se verificam melhorias estatisticamente significativas em todas as idades
e géneros é a de Extensões de Braços. No género feminino encontram-se diferenças
significativas na prova do Vai-vem, nas várias idades estudadas. Apenas nas raparigas de 15
anos e nos rapazes de 16 anos se encontram aumentos significativos da primeira para a
segunda avaliação em todas as provas. Nos restantes casos regista-se melhoria não
significativa.
The growing necessity to find strategies to improve the level of physical fitness in populations and to decrease the level of incidence of overweight and obesity imposes adequate and rigorous surveying of such levels. The purpose of this study is to characterize the physical fitness of students from a secondary public school located in the region of Lisbon, within a period of three consecutive years. The study looked for: identifying the levels of Aerobic Fitness and Muscular Fitness in young students of both genders; identifying the body mass index (BMI), to fix the percentage of overweight and obesity; verifying the relative positioning of scores to the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) proposed by the Fitnessgram© protocol; verifying the variation of fitness levels in the whole sample, by gender, by age and comparing initial and final average scores by year and along the three years. The sample consists of 582 subjects, being 316 of the female gender and 266 of the male gender, between the ages of 15 and 17 years (15,97+0,88 years). SPSS Statistics© and Microsoft Excel 2007 were the tools to treat and analyze the data. To statistically describe the sample, it was calculated the mean and standard deviation; to compare means and to determine the amplitude of variation it was applied, respectively, Student t test and One Way Anova. To verify whether there was association between variables it was applied the correlation coefficient of Pearson. The main conclusions were: 1) There are significant differences between the levels of physical fitness of both genders. Boys present significantly higher levels than girls of every age groups. 2) There are no significant increments of BMI with age in both genders. 3) The mean scores of both genders are within the HFZ, relatively to sample’s mean age. 4) There are significant differences between genders in every functional variables of physical fitness studied; in the whole sample there are significant increments of all variables with age; considering gender, there are significant increments with age in any variable but the first evaluation of 20-meter Pacer in girls and the second evaluation of curl ups in both genders. 5) The only test in witch is found significant improvement in every age groups and genders is the push ups. In the female gender there are significant differences from age group to age group. Only in 15 year old girls and in 16 year old boys is found significant increments from the first evaluation to the second, in every test. In any other cases there are no significant increments.
The growing necessity to find strategies to improve the level of physical fitness in populations and to decrease the level of incidence of overweight and obesity imposes adequate and rigorous surveying of such levels. The purpose of this study is to characterize the physical fitness of students from a secondary public school located in the region of Lisbon, within a period of three consecutive years. The study looked for: identifying the levels of Aerobic Fitness and Muscular Fitness in young students of both genders; identifying the body mass index (BMI), to fix the percentage of overweight and obesity; verifying the relative positioning of scores to the Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) proposed by the Fitnessgram© protocol; verifying the variation of fitness levels in the whole sample, by gender, by age and comparing initial and final average scores by year and along the three years. The sample consists of 582 subjects, being 316 of the female gender and 266 of the male gender, between the ages of 15 and 17 years (15,97+0,88 years). SPSS Statistics© and Microsoft Excel 2007 were the tools to treat and analyze the data. To statistically describe the sample, it was calculated the mean and standard deviation; to compare means and to determine the amplitude of variation it was applied, respectively, Student t test and One Way Anova. To verify whether there was association between variables it was applied the correlation coefficient of Pearson. The main conclusions were: 1) There are significant differences between the levels of physical fitness of both genders. Boys present significantly higher levels than girls of every age groups. 2) There are no significant increments of BMI with age in both genders. 3) The mean scores of both genders are within the HFZ, relatively to sample’s mean age. 4) There are significant differences between genders in every functional variables of physical fitness studied; in the whole sample there are significant increments of all variables with age; considering gender, there are significant increments with age in any variable but the first evaluation of 20-meter Pacer in girls and the second evaluation of curl ups in both genders. 5) The only test in witch is found significant improvement in every age groups and genders is the push ups. In the female gender there are significant differences from age group to age group. Only in 15 year old girls and in 16 year old boys is found significant increments from the first evaluation to the second, in every test. In any other cases there are no significant increments.
Descrição
Orientação: Jorge Proença
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, APTIDÃO FÍSICA, ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL, OBESIDADE, ALUNOS, ESTUDOS DE CASO, SPORT, PHYSICAL FITNESS, BODY MASS INDEX, OBESITY, CASE STUDIES, STUDENTS, MESTRADO EM ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS ENS. BÁSICO E SECUNDÁRIO