Antibióticos beta-lactâmicos e as 'superbactérias'
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2017
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As Superbactérias são consideradas um dos maiores problemas de Saúde Pública do
século XXI. As consequências do aumento destes microrganismos são sérias. A limitação das
opções de tratamento de infeções, o aumento dos custos de tratamento, o aumento do período
de internamento hospitalar e o risco acrescido de infeção em procedimentos médicos são
algumas destas consequências.
Os antibióticos Beta-Lactâmicos são, atualmente, a classe de antibióticos mais
prescrita em todo o Mundo, sendo por isso de extrema importância o conhecimento sobre os
mecanismos de resistência aos mesmos. As Superbactérias resistentes aos antibióticos Beta-
Lactâmicos que vão ser mencionadas são Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
família Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae e Staphylococcus aureus.
Para que este problema seja minimizado é essencial o conhecimento das suas causas,
sendo elas o uso inapropriado de antibióticos, uso excessivo nos animais, descarte inadequado
de antibióticos, falhas hospitalares, diminuição do desenvolvimento de novos antibióticos e
relutância na vacinação.
Para combater este problema é necessário a implementação de medidas
multissectoriais tais como, melhoria da prescrição, educação da população, implementação de
sistemas de vigilância, entre outros. É fundamental um uso racional dos antibióticos e para
isso é necessário a intervenção dos doentes, farmacêuticos, médicos, veterinários,
agricultores, ou seja, de toda a população.
“Superbugs” are considered one of the major problems of Public Heath in the 21st century. The consequences of the increasing of this microorganism are very serious. Limiting treatment options for bacterial infections, increasing treatment costs, longer hospitalization and increased risk of infection in medical procedures are some of the consequences of this increasing. Beta-lactam antibiotics are currently the most prescribed antibiotic class in the whole world, so it is of extreme importance the knowledge of the bacterial mechanisms responsible for resistance. The “Superbugs” that are resistance to beta-lactam antibiotic that will be mentioned in this work are Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus. To minimize this problem, it is necessary to know the causes of this increase, such as inappropriate use of antibiotics, excessive use in animals, inappropriate disposal of antibiotics, hospital failures, reduced development of new antibiotics and reluctance to vaccination and as many others. It is necessary to fight this increasing through implementation of multissectorial measures such as improving prescription methods, education of population, vigilance systems and as many others. It is crucial the rational use of antibiotics and for that it is necessary intervention of patients, pharmacists, doctors, farmers, which means the whole population.
“Superbugs” are considered one of the major problems of Public Heath in the 21st century. The consequences of the increasing of this microorganism are very serious. Limiting treatment options for bacterial infections, increasing treatment costs, longer hospitalization and increased risk of infection in medical procedures are some of the consequences of this increasing. Beta-lactam antibiotics are currently the most prescribed antibiotic class in the whole world, so it is of extreme importance the knowledge of the bacterial mechanisms responsible for resistance. The “Superbugs” that are resistance to beta-lactam antibiotic that will be mentioned in this work are Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus. To minimize this problem, it is necessary to know the causes of this increase, such as inappropriate use of antibiotics, excessive use in animals, inappropriate disposal of antibiotics, hospital failures, reduced development of new antibiotics and reluctance to vaccination and as many others. It is necessary to fight this increasing through implementation of multissectorial measures such as improving prescription methods, education of population, vigilance systems and as many others. It is crucial the rational use of antibiotics and for that it is necessary intervention of patients, pharmacists, doctors, farmers, which means the whole population.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria João Simões
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, ANTIBIÓTICOS, RESISTÊNCIA AOS ANTIBIÓTICOS, BACTÉRIAS, EDUCAÇÃO PARA A SAÚDE, PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, BACTERIA, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH PROMOTION