Associação entre o IMC, atividade desportiva e atividade física e desportiva no 1º ciclo: um estudo longitudinal de 6 anos no concelho de Lisboa
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2013
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Objetivo: O presente estudo pretende analisar a associação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e atividade desportiva, comparando os dados atuais de alunos que realizaram o projeto PlayGym (PG) em 2005-2006 com alunos que não participaram no PG.
Método: Realizamos um estudo observacional, realizado no ano letivo de 2006/2007 e 2012/2013, com os alunos aderentes ao projeto PG, que foi coordenado pela Federação Portuguesa de Ginástica, comparando com dados de 2013 de alunos que não participaram no PG em escolas da zona de Lisboa. Participaram neste estudo uma amostra total de 915 alunos, 286 alunos que realizaram o projeto PG em 2005-2006 e 629 alunos que não participaram no PG. As idades foram compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos.
Os instrumentos de estudo utilizados foram a bateria de testes do fitnessgram para o peso e altura, para se conseguir realizar o cálculo do IMC e um Questionário de Atividade Desportiva (QAD), desenvolvido por Telama, Yang, Laakso, & Viikari, (1997).
Resultados: Através dos resultados verificamos que nos alunos que participaram no PG o IMC aumentou entre 2005 e 2013 (t(285)= -12.61, p<.001). Verificámos que os alunos do PG em 2013 têm um IMC inferior aos alunos que não tiveram PG (t(735.69)=2.68, p=.008), no género masculino verificou-se o aumento do percentil para os alunos que não participaram no PG. No caso das raparigas apesar de o IMC ter sido inferior para ambos os grupos, estes encontram-se no mesmo percentil.
Por último, verificámos que não existem diferenças no IMC entre os alunos que não tiveram o PG, mas que praticam em 2013 atividade desportiva e os alunos que tiveram PG e que não praticam atividades desportivas (F(3.15)=.50, p=.68). Consideramos pertinente analisar individualmente os géneros e verificamos também que tanto no género feminino, como no género masculino não existem diferenças entre os grupos.
Conclusões: O estudo demonstra que quanto mais cedo os alunos praticarem atividade física, em contexto escolar menos, probabilidade têm em ter um IMC mais elevado na idade da adolescência. Este estudo mostra que a atividade desportiva não tem uma influência principal no IMC dos alunos ao contrário do que parece ter acontecido para a atividade física em contexto escolar durante o 1º ciclo.
Objective: The main focus of this study is to analyze the link between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, by comparing the BMI of students that took part of the PlayGym project (PG) in 2005 with the ones that didn’t participate, in 2003. The goal is to find out if the PG project of 2005 had any influence on the BMI of students that did participate. Method: In the school year of 2006/2007 and 2012/2013, an observational study was conducted with the students that had participated in the PG project ( coordinated by the Portuguese Federation of Gymnastics) that compared the dada of the students that did not participate in the PG project in Lisbon schools, in 2013. 915 students, aged between 12 and 15 years old, took part of this study. 286 students participated in the PG project in 2006 and 6289 didn’t. The main tool used to conduct this study was the set of fitnessgram tests for weight and height, making it possible to calculate the BMI and a Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) developed by Telama, Yang, Laakso, & Viikari, (1997). Outcome: With these results it became clear that the BMI, of students that did take part of the PG project from 2005 to 2013, increased (t(285)=-12.61, p<.001). The students that participated in the PG project of 2013 have a lower BMI compared to the ones that didn’t (t(735.69)=2.68, p=.008).. There was an increase of the percentile in the male students that didn’t participate in the PG project. Although the girls BMI had been low in both groups, they were at the same percentile. At last it was confirmed that there are no BMI differences between students that didn’t take part of the PG project but did some sort of sporting activity in 2013, and the ones that participated in the PG project but didn’t do any kind of sporting activity (F(3.15)=.50, p=.68). We also found of most importance the individual analysis of gender, from which we verified the lack of difference amongst groups both in male and female gender. Conclusion: This study shows that the sooner students do a physical activity in school context, the lower the probabilities of having a high BMI during adolescence. Unlike physical school activities, this study also showed that there isn’t any influence in the students BMI.
Objective: The main focus of this study is to analyze the link between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, by comparing the BMI of students that took part of the PlayGym project (PG) in 2005 with the ones that didn’t participate, in 2003. The goal is to find out if the PG project of 2005 had any influence on the BMI of students that did participate. Method: In the school year of 2006/2007 and 2012/2013, an observational study was conducted with the students that had participated in the PG project ( coordinated by the Portuguese Federation of Gymnastics) that compared the dada of the students that did not participate in the PG project in Lisbon schools, in 2013. 915 students, aged between 12 and 15 years old, took part of this study. 286 students participated in the PG project in 2006 and 6289 didn’t. The main tool used to conduct this study was the set of fitnessgram tests for weight and height, making it possible to calculate the BMI and a Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) developed by Telama, Yang, Laakso, & Viikari, (1997). Outcome: With these results it became clear that the BMI, of students that did take part of the PG project from 2005 to 2013, increased (t(285)=-12.61, p<.001). The students that participated in the PG project of 2013 have a lower BMI compared to the ones that didn’t (t(735.69)=2.68, p=.008).. There was an increase of the percentile in the male students that didn’t participate in the PG project. Although the girls BMI had been low in both groups, they were at the same percentile. At last it was confirmed that there are no BMI differences between students that didn’t take part of the PG project but did some sort of sporting activity in 2013, and the ones that participated in the PG project but didn’t do any kind of sporting activity (F(3.15)=.50, p=.68). We also found of most importance the individual analysis of gender, from which we verified the lack of difference amongst groups both in male and female gender. Conclusion: This study shows that the sooner students do a physical activity in school context, the lower the probabilities of having a high BMI during adolescence. Unlike physical school activities, this study also showed that there isn’t any influence in the students BMI.
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Orientação: António Labisa Palmeira
Palavras-chave
DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, ALUNOS, OBESIDADE, ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL, ESTUDOS DE CASO, SPORT, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, BODY MASS INDEX, OBESITY, STUDENTS, CASE STUDIES, MESTRADO EM ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS ENS. BÁSICO E SECUNDÁRIO