Autocuidados e automedicação na temática da obstipação
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2013
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Atualmente, consideram-se os autocuidados como a primeira forma de prevenção e
tratamento de doenças. Através de alterações no estilo de vida e da automedicação é
possível obter enormes benefícios, não só na saúde mas também na economia do
próprio país.
Para que estas medidas sejam eficazes e seguras, é essencial garantir a formação e
informação da sociedade, sendo os profissionais de saúde os principais intervenientes
neste processo. Assim, o farmacêutico deve intervir junto da população, não só na
promoção da saúde, como também no incentivo ao uso racional dos medicamentos.
São diversas as situações passíveis de automedicação e são igualmente vários os
casos de utilização incorreta de medicamentos neste contexto. Assim, optou-se por
destacar a automedicação na obstipação com recurso não só a Medidas Não
Farmacológicas, como também à utilização de laxantes.
A obstipação é um conjunto de sintomas associado a determinada causa. Fatores
desencadeantes podem ser de origem patológica ou de origem comportamental,
destacando-se o stress, polimedicação e hábitos de consumo.
Os laxantes são normalmente utilizados no tratamento da obstipação, no entanto, temse
conhecimento que podem ser indevidamente usados para outros fins,
nomeadamente em contexto de distúrbios alimentares. A dependência destes
medicamentos é elevada quando utilizados de forma incorreta, por tempo prolongado
e em elevada frequência.
Deste modo, o presente estudo tem como principais objetivos percecionar quais as
possíveis causas da obstipação; avaliar a utilização de laxantes; identificar que tipo de
intervenção é feita pelo farmacêutico nesta temática; avaliar qual o grau de
conhecimento da sociedade relativamente à obstipação e ao uso de laxantes e
elaborar o Protocolo de Intervenção Farmacêutica na obstipação.
Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e transversal que se baseou na realização de um
questionário de resposta fechada a utentes da Farmácia Damaia. Foram inquiridos
300 voluntários, de ambos os géneros, com idades compreendidas entre os 1-88 anos
(45,15 ± 20,16 anos), após consentimento de participação. O questionário abordou
diversas áreas, nomeadamente estilo de vida, rotinas e hábitos defecatórios e
xvi
utilização de laxantes. Os dados foram tratados no programa Microsoft Excel® 2007 e
posteriormente analisados.
Através do estudo foi possível percecionar que são várias as falhas existentes ao nível
dos conhecimentos da população, nomeadamente em relação aos princípios básicos
do funcionamento intestinal. Este estudo também demonstrou que existem lacunas
nos conhecimentos acerca dos tipos de obstipação e na utilização de laxantes.
Torna-se percetível que é fundamental o processo de instrução da população em
relação a esta e outras temáticas relacionadas com a saúde. Assim, o farmacêutico
deve tornar-se mais pró-ativo e intervir nesta área, para benefício de toda a sociedade.
Currently, we consider the self-care as de first way of preventing and treating diseases. Through changes in lifestyle and self-medication is possible to obtain enormous benefits, not only in health but also in the country's own economy. For these measures to be effective and safe, it is essential to ensure the training and the information to all the society, since the health professionals are the key players in this process. Thus, the pharmacist should remind the population, not only in health promotion but also to encourage the rational use of drugs. There are several situations where we can use the self-medication and there are also many cases of misuse of drugs in this context. Thus, we chose to highlight the selfmedication in constipation using not only the Non-Pharmacological Measures, as well as the use of laxatives. Constipation is a set of symptoms associated to a particular cause. Triggers can have pathological or behavioral origins, highlighting the stress, polymedication and consumption habits. Laxatives are normally used in the treatment of constipation; however, it has been known that can be misused for other purposes, particularly in the context of eating disorders. The dependence of these drugs is high when used incorrectly, for a long time and very often. Thus, this study aims primarily perceive what the possible causes of constipation; evaluate the use of laxatives; identify what type of intervention is taken by the pharmacist on this topic; evaluate the degree of knowledge of the society concerning constipation and the use of laxatives and elaborate the Pharmaceutical Intervention Protocol in constipation. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was based on the realization of a closed response questionnaire to some users of Farmácia Damaia. 300 volunteers were interviewed, of both genders, aged between 1-88 years (45.15 ± 20.16 years) after informed consent. The questionnaire included several areas, as lifestyle, routines and defecation habits and use of laxatives. All data were processed in Microsoft Excel ® 2007, and subsequently analyzed. Through this study it was possible to perceive that there are several failures in what concerns the level of knowledge of the population, particularly in the basic principles of xviii intestinal function. This study also demonstrated that there are gaps in knowledge about the types of constipation and the use of laxatives. Becomes apparent that it is critical to educate the population to this and other topics related to health. So, the pharmacist must become more proactive and intervene in this area for the whole society’s benefit.
Currently, we consider the self-care as de first way of preventing and treating diseases. Through changes in lifestyle and self-medication is possible to obtain enormous benefits, not only in health but also in the country's own economy. For these measures to be effective and safe, it is essential to ensure the training and the information to all the society, since the health professionals are the key players in this process. Thus, the pharmacist should remind the population, not only in health promotion but also to encourage the rational use of drugs. There are several situations where we can use the self-medication and there are also many cases of misuse of drugs in this context. Thus, we chose to highlight the selfmedication in constipation using not only the Non-Pharmacological Measures, as well as the use of laxatives. Constipation is a set of symptoms associated to a particular cause. Triggers can have pathological or behavioral origins, highlighting the stress, polymedication and consumption habits. Laxatives are normally used in the treatment of constipation; however, it has been known that can be misused for other purposes, particularly in the context of eating disorders. The dependence of these drugs is high when used incorrectly, for a long time and very often. Thus, this study aims primarily perceive what the possible causes of constipation; evaluate the use of laxatives; identify what type of intervention is taken by the pharmacist on this topic; evaluate the degree of knowledge of the society concerning constipation and the use of laxatives and elaborate the Pharmaceutical Intervention Protocol in constipation. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was based on the realization of a closed response questionnaire to some users of Farmácia Damaia. 300 volunteers were interviewed, of both genders, aged between 1-88 years (45.15 ± 20.16 years) after informed consent. The questionnaire included several areas, as lifestyle, routines and defecation habits and use of laxatives. All data were processed in Microsoft Excel ® 2007, and subsequently analyzed. Through this study it was possible to perceive that there are several failures in what concerns the level of knowledge of the population, particularly in the basic principles of xviii intestinal function. This study also demonstrated that there are gaps in knowledge about the types of constipation and the use of laxatives. Becomes apparent that it is critical to educate the population to this and other topics related to health. So, the pharmacist must become more proactive and intervene in this area for the whole society’s benefit.
Descrição
Orientação: Maria Madalena Pereira
Palavras-chave
PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE, FARMACÊUTICOS, OBSTIPAÇÃO, AUTOMEDICAÇÃO, HEALTH PROMOTION, PHARMACISTS, CONSTIPATION, SELF-MEDICATION, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PRÁTICAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL PRACTISES, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES