Empatia e compaixão como mecanismo associado à redução da transfobia na população geral portuguesa adulta
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2022
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As experiências de vida de pessoas trans estão associadas a elevadas experiências de
discriminação, rejeição social e preconceito. Do ponto de vista psicológico, pessoas trans, por
serem pertencentes a um grupo minoritário, possuem um risco acrescido no surgimento de
psicopatologias e de vivenciar sofrimento psicológico. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi
analisar o contributo relativo da empatia e da compaixão pelas outras pessoas na transfobia,
controlando o afeto positivo e negativo, no intuito de perceber qual se encontra mais
fortemente associada a menores níveis de transfobia. A amostra é composta por N = 271
participantes da população geral. Os instrumentos foram aplicados no intuito de avaliar a
transfobia através da aceitação e conforto com o espetro de género e tolerância social, assim
como, as dimensões da empatia e a compaixão pelas outras pessoas. As análises dos modelos
de regressão não encontraram significância estatística, no entanto foi encontrada uma
tendência para a compaixão pelas outras pessoas como um melhor preditor para a tolerância
social. A análise das correlações revelou uma associação com a compaixão pelas outras
pessoas com ambas as escalas de transfobia. Os testes de diferenças encontraram maiores
níveis de transfobia em pessoas que nunca tiveram contacto com pessoas trans, heterossexuais
e religiosos. Estes resultados indicam uma maior afinidade da compaixão pelas outras pessoas
com a menor transfobia, no sentido que futuras investigações poderão retirar um maior
contributo da análise desta variável.
The life experiences of trans people are associated with heightened experiences of discrimination, social rejection and prejudice. From a psychological point of view, trans people, because they belong to a minority group, have an increased risk of developing psychopathologies and experiencing psychological suffering. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relative contribution of empathy and compassion towards other people in transphobia, controlling for positive and negative affect, in order to understand which is more strongly associated with lower levels of transphobia. The sample is composed of N = 271 participants from the general population. The instruments were applied in order to assess transphobia through acceptance and comfort with the gender spectrum and social tolerance, as well as the dimensions of empathy and compassion for other people. Regression model analyzes did not find statistical significance, however a tendency towards compassion for other people was found as a better predictor for social tolerance. Analysis of correlations revealed an association with compassion for other people with both scales of transphobia. Difference tests found higher levels of transphobia in people who had never had contact with trans, heterosexual and religious people. These results indicate a greater affinity of compassion for other people with less transphobia, in the sense that future investigations may derive a greater contribution from the analysis of this variable.
The life experiences of trans people are associated with heightened experiences of discrimination, social rejection and prejudice. From a psychological point of view, trans people, because they belong to a minority group, have an increased risk of developing psychopathologies and experiencing psychological suffering. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relative contribution of empathy and compassion towards other people in transphobia, controlling for positive and negative affect, in order to understand which is more strongly associated with lower levels of transphobia. The sample is composed of N = 271 participants from the general population. The instruments were applied in order to assess transphobia through acceptance and comfort with the gender spectrum and social tolerance, as well as the dimensions of empathy and compassion for other people. Regression model analyzes did not find statistical significance, however a tendency towards compassion for other people was found as a better predictor for social tolerance. Analysis of correlations revealed an association with compassion for other people with both scales of transphobia. Difference tests found higher levels of transphobia in people who had never had contact with trans, heterosexual and religious people. These results indicate a greater affinity of compassion for other people with less transphobia, in the sense that future investigations may derive a greater contribution from the analysis of this variable.
Descrição
Orientação: Sérgio Andrade Carvalho ; coorientação: Patrícia Magda Monteiro Pascoal
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA CLÍNICA E DA SAÚDE, PSICOLOGIA, FOBIAS, MEDO, VIOLÊNCIA, RAIVA, EMPATIA, PSYCHOLOGY, PHOBIAS, FEAR, VIOLENCE, ANGER, EMPATHY