Estereótipo criminal : influência das tatuagens na determinação hipotética da pena
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2021
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A literatura aponta para diversos fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão judicial
e a determinação da pena, entre os quais a existência de tatuagens. Esta constitui uma das
principais características físicas que conduz à ativação do estereótipo criminal e
posteriormente a um prejuízo na pena dos sujeitos que encaixam no mesmo.
Neste estudo participaram 89 estudantes universitários, distribuídos por uma das
quatro condições: 2 (Presença tatuagem: sim, não) x 2 (Presença de crime: sim, não). Todos
preencheram a Escala de Aparência Criminal e àqueles que continham a descrição do crime,
foi-lhes pedida a Determinação da Pena.
Os resultados sugerem que, na presença da tatuagem, há uma maior ativação do
estereótipo criminal e uma atribuição mais severa da pena, apesar de não serem diferenças
estatisticamente significativas. O estereótipo criminal, por sua vez, deriva da perceção de
perigosidade, criminalidade e agressividade. A atratividade foi avaliada, revelando ser mais
elevada na presença da tatuagem e mais diminuída na presença do crime, ocorrendo uma
correlação negativa e estatisticamente significativa com o estereótipo criminal.
Assim, é possível concluir que, além da tatuagem, o estereótipo criminal e a atribuição
de pena são também influenciados pelas características do sujeito, tal como a atratividade.
Reforça-se a necessidade de explorar esta temática, devido à sua relevância científica,
psicológica, forense e legal e por ser uma área com escassa investigação.
Literature indicates that there are several factors influencing decisions made in court and how sentencing is applied, including the presence of tattoos. This is one of the main physical characteristics that encourages criminal stereotypes and, consequently, sentencing decisions may be harsher for those individuals who fit this criterion. In this study, 89 university students completed a survey, randomly distributed into one of the four conditions: 2 (Presence of tattoo: yes, no) x 2 (Presence of crime: yes, no). All participants completed the Criminal Appearance Scale. Those who were given the description of the crime were asked to determine the sentencing. The results suggested a higher activation of the criminal stereotype, and harsher sentencing was attributed in the presence of tattoos, although the differences were not statistically significant. Hence, the criminal stereotype derives from a perception of danger, criminality, and aggressiveness. Levels of attractiveness were also assessed. In the presence of tattoos, attractiveness was higher and lower in the presence of crime, generating a statistically significant negative correlation with the criminal stereotype. Therefore, one can conclude that, in addition to the presence of tattoos, the criminal stereotype and the sentence attribution are also influenced by the characteristics of the suspect, as well as attractiveness. The present study reinforces the necessity to explore this topic further, due to its scientific, psychological, forensic, and legal relevance and because it is an understudied area of research.
Literature indicates that there are several factors influencing decisions made in court and how sentencing is applied, including the presence of tattoos. This is one of the main physical characteristics that encourages criminal stereotypes and, consequently, sentencing decisions may be harsher for those individuals who fit this criterion. In this study, 89 university students completed a survey, randomly distributed into one of the four conditions: 2 (Presence of tattoo: yes, no) x 2 (Presence of crime: yes, no). All participants completed the Criminal Appearance Scale. Those who were given the description of the crime were asked to determine the sentencing. The results suggested a higher activation of the criminal stereotype, and harsher sentencing was attributed in the presence of tattoos, although the differences were not statistically significant. Hence, the criminal stereotype derives from a perception of danger, criminality, and aggressiveness. Levels of attractiveness were also assessed. In the presence of tattoos, attractiveness was higher and lower in the presence of crime, generating a statistically significant negative correlation with the criminal stereotype. Therefore, one can conclude that, in addition to the presence of tattoos, the criminal stereotype and the sentence attribution are also influenced by the characteristics of the suspect, as well as attractiveness. The present study reinforces the necessity to explore this topic further, due to its scientific, psychological, forensic, and legal relevance and because it is an understudied area of research.
Descrição
Orientação: Laura Alho ; co-orientação: Pedro Rodrigues
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, PSICOLOGIA FORENSE, ESTEREÓTIPOS, CRIMES, TATUAGEM, FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, STEREOTYPES, CRIMES, TATTOO, PENAS APLICÁVEIS, SENTENCING