Controlo sanitário e seu impacto na saúde pública em Portugal
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Diversas doenças animais possuem potencial zoonótico, ou seja, podem ser transmitidas de animais para seres humanos. No caso de de Portugal, o país tem implementado uma série de programas oficiais de controlo para minimizar o impacto de doenças zoonóticas, particularmente nas doenças bovinas como a tuberculose e a brucelose. Estas doenças, além de afetarem a saúde animal, podem representar um risco para os seres humanos, especialmente para os trabalhadores da área rural, médicos veterinários e consumidores de produtos contaminados. Pretendeu-se com este trabalho avaliar a evolução das zoonoses que fazem parte da sanidade animal bovina, da brucelose e da tuberculose bovina, para podermos efetivamente perceber como está a ser o seu percurso tanto a nível animal como a nível dos humanos. Para isso, procedeu-se a uma recolha intensiva de dados entre 2011 e 2022 a nível de ambas as doenças em animais e nos humanos, através das autoridades competentes bem como a recolha de alguns dados a nível europeu. Destes dados, verificou-se que o contágio através de animais para as pessoas ocorre maioritariamente de brucelose ao invés de tuberculose, sendo que em Portugal ambas se encontram bastante controladas a nível de contágio em humanos através dos animais. Deste trabalho retira-se que ainda existe um percurso para alcançar a erradicação destas duas zoonoses de Portugal, devendo conseguir instruir-se a todas as pessoas que contactam diretamente com animais em vida ou mortos, acerca destas doenças, devendo estes aplicar sempre as medidas de biossegurança, bem como ainda existe uma grande falta de controlo devido aos animais selvagens que são portadores das doenças e dos quais não se consegue ter um absoluto controlo, devendo assim averiguar novos procedimentos para impedirmos este contágio recorrente e preocupante por serem um reservatório de doenças.
Several animal diseases have zoonotic potential, that is, they can be transmitted from animals to humans. In the case of Portugal, the country has implemented a series of official control programs to minimize the impact of zoonotic diseases, particularly bovine diseases such as tuberculosis and brucellosis. These diseases, in addition to affecting animal health, can pose a risk to humans, especially rural workers, veterinarians and consumers of contaminated products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of the zoonoses that are part of bovine animal health, brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, so that we can effectively understand how they are progressing both in animals and in humans. To do this, intensive data collection was carried out between 2011 and 2022 on both diseases in animals and humans, through the competent activities as well as the collection of some data at European level. From this data, it emerged that brucellosis, rather than tuberculosis, is more likely to be transmitted from animals to people, and that in Portugal both diseases are fairly well controlled in terms of human transmission through animals. This study shows that there is still a way to eradicate these two zoonoses in Portugal. All people who come into direct contact with living or dead animals should be educated about these diseases, and they should always apply biosecurity measures. There is also still a great lack of control due to the wild animals that carry the diseases and which cannot be completely controlled, so new procedures should be investigated to prevent this recurring and worrying contagion because they are a reservoir of diseases.
Several animal diseases have zoonotic potential, that is, they can be transmitted from animals to humans. In the case of Portugal, the country has implemented a series of official control programs to minimize the impact of zoonotic diseases, particularly bovine diseases such as tuberculosis and brucellosis. These diseases, in addition to affecting animal health, can pose a risk to humans, especially rural workers, veterinarians and consumers of contaminated products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the evolution of the zoonoses that are part of bovine animal health, brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, so that we can effectively understand how they are progressing both in animals and in humans. To do this, intensive data collection was carried out between 2011 and 2022 on both diseases in animals and humans, through the competent activities as well as the collection of some data at European level. From this data, it emerged that brucellosis, rather than tuberculosis, is more likely to be transmitted from animals to people, and that in Portugal both diseases are fairly well controlled in terms of human transmission through animals. This study shows that there is still a way to eradicate these two zoonoses in Portugal. All people who come into direct contact with living or dead animals should be educated about these diseases, and they should always apply biosecurity measures. There is also still a great lack of control due to the wild animals that carry the diseases and which cannot be completely controlled, so new procedures should be investigated to prevent this recurring and worrying contagion because they are a reservoir of diseases.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, BOVIDS, ZOONOSES, BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS, BRUCELLOSIS, PUBLIC HEALTH, ANIMAL HEALTH, WILD ANIMALS, ANIMAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, BIOSECURITY, PORTUGAL, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, BOVÍDEOS, ZOONOSES, TUBERCULOSE BOVINA, BRUCELOSE, SAÚDE PÚBLICA, SANIDADE ANIMAL, ANIMAIS SELVAGENS, EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, BIOSSEGURANÇA, PORTUGAL