Leitura e ideologia republicana: as escolas e bibliotecas populares da Figueira da Foz (1900-1910)
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2013
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Este trabalho de dissertação assenta, antes de mais numa matriz geográfica e histórica da cidade da Figueira da Foz, no início do séc. XX assim como as suas freguesias limítrofes mais influentes: Tavarede e Buarcos (contudo, são feitas breves alusões a outras freguesias onde aos poucos foram sendo criadas instituições similares às primeiras freguesias e embebidas do mesmo espírito). Temos como objeto de estudo a emergência e difusão do ideário republicano junto das populações, assim como a defesa intransigente da ideia do alargamento da instrução a um público cada vez mais vasto, combatendo o maior flagelo cultural do nosso país: o analfabetismo quase generalizado, através da criação de escolas e bibliotecas populares em Associações recreativas, de classe, mutualistas e outras. A certeza de que uma posição cívica e política mais consciente dos cidadãos só seria possível se fosse permitido o acesso à instrução a um maior número de pessoas, norteou a criação destas escolas, um pouco à margem do ensino oficial (que se definia como manifestamente insuficiente) e que tinham como objetivo tirar do analfabetismo uma grande parte do povo trabalhador da Figueira da Foz. Sendo assim, é neste ambiente ideológico fervilhante, na cidade da Figueira da Foz na primeira década do séc. XX que irão surgir as escolas populares, dinamizar conferências e cursos livres, criação de bibliotecas e salas de leitura que eram vistas como uma solução para o atraso cultural das camadas sociais mais baixas, rumo àquilo a que se entendia ser o progresso.
A Figueira da Foz beneficiou com a dinâmica de uma série de personalidades com características humanitárias e benemerentes, republicanos e maçons, que não mediram esforços no sentido de criar condições para «derramar a luz da instrução» sobre as camadas populares.
This dissertation is based first and foremost on a geographical and historical matrix of the city of Figueira da Foz in the beginning of the XX century, as well as its neighbouring most influential parishes: Tavarede and Buarcos (however, brief allusions are made to other parishes where institutions similar to the first parishes and embedded with the same spirit were slowly being created). We have as the object of our study the emergence and spread of the Republican frame of thought among the population, and the uncompromising defence of the idea of extending the education to an ever wider public, thus fighting the greatest cultural scourge of our country: widespread illiteracy, through the creation of schools and popular libraries in recreational, class and mutualistic associations. The certainty that a more conscious civic and political position of citizens would only be possible if access to education was allowed to a greater number of people guided the creation of these schools, a bit marginal to the official education (which was defined as grossly insufficient) and that were aimed at schooling the working people of Figueira da Foz. This being said, it is against this buzzing ideological environment in Figueira da Foz in the first decade of the XX century that popular schools will arise, conferences and free courses will be brought forward, along with the creation of libraries and reading rooms that were seen as a solution to the cultural backwardness of the lower social strata, heading to what was understood to be progress. Figueira da Foz benefited from a series of personalities of a humanitarian and benefactive disposition, Freemasons and Republicans, who spared no efforts to create conditions to «shed the light of education» on popular layers of society.
This dissertation is based first and foremost on a geographical and historical matrix of the city of Figueira da Foz in the beginning of the XX century, as well as its neighbouring most influential parishes: Tavarede and Buarcos (however, brief allusions are made to other parishes where institutions similar to the first parishes and embedded with the same spirit were slowly being created). We have as the object of our study the emergence and spread of the Republican frame of thought among the population, and the uncompromising defence of the idea of extending the education to an ever wider public, thus fighting the greatest cultural scourge of our country: widespread illiteracy, through the creation of schools and popular libraries in recreational, class and mutualistic associations. The certainty that a more conscious civic and political position of citizens would only be possible if access to education was allowed to a greater number of people guided the creation of these schools, a bit marginal to the official education (which was defined as grossly insufficient) and that were aimed at schooling the working people of Figueira da Foz. This being said, it is against this buzzing ideological environment in Figueira da Foz in the first decade of the XX century that popular schools will arise, conferences and free courses will be brought forward, along with the creation of libraries and reading rooms that were seen as a solution to the cultural backwardness of the lower social strata, heading to what was understood to be progress. Figueira da Foz benefited from a series of personalities of a humanitarian and benefactive disposition, Freemasons and Republicans, who spared no efforts to create conditions to «shed the light of education» on popular layers of society.
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Orientação: Maria Neves Leal Gonçalves
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, ESCOLAS, BIBLIOTECAS, MAÇONARIA, REPUBLICANISMO, IMPRENSA LOCAL, EDUCATION, SCHOOLS, LIBRARIES, LOCAL PRESS, FREEMASONRY, REPUBLICANISM, FIGUEIRA DA FOZ, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO - ESP. EM BIBLIOTECAS ESCOLARES E LITERACIAS DO SÉC.XXI, EDUCAÇÃO POPULAR, POPULAR EDUCATION