Abordagem clínica à peritonite infecciosa felina em gatos domésticos : análise descritiva de seis casos clínicos
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2025
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A Peritonite Infecciosa Felina (PIF) é uma das doenças infeciosas mais importantes em gatos, principalmente devido à sua elevada mortalidade e aos desafios associados ao tratamento, que, embora existam opções terapêuticas eficazes, ainda não possuem comercialização autorizada em muitos países, como é o caso de Portugal. A doença é causada por coronavírus e está associada a duas formas clínicas, efusiva e não-efusiva, com apresentações diferentes e ambas caracterizadas por sinais clínicos inespecíficos. O diagnóstico de PIF é extremamente difícil, não apenas devido à inespecificidade dos sinais clínicos, mas também pela falta de um teste que permita diferenciar de forma não ambígua o vírus da PIF de outros coronavírus. O objetivo deste estudo foi fazer uma análise descritiva da apresentação clínica desta doença, tratamento e prognóstico bem como a dificuldade diagnóstica que representa. A maioria dos animais apresentou sinais clínicos de ambas as formas, efusiva e não efusiva, sendo estes sobretudo sistémicos, neurológicos e oculares. O diagnóstico de PIF exige uma análise rigorosa dos fatores de risco, um exame físico e anamnese detalhados, análises ecográficas e laboratoriais incluído a realização de uma reação em cadeia da polimerase, via transcriptase transversa (RT-PCR, do inglês Reverse Transcriptase - Polymerase Chain Reaction), sem o qual o diagnóstico de PIF não é válido.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats, primarily due to its high mortality rate, and the challenges associated with treatment, which although there are some effective treatment options, they are not yet commercialized in many countries, like Portugal. This disease is caused by a coronavirus and is associated with two distinct clinical forms, effusive and non-effusive, with different presentations and both with very nonspecific clinical signals. The diagnosis of FIP is highly challenging, not only due to its nonspecific clinical presentation but also because there is no test to differentiate the FIP-causing coronavirus from other coronavirus. The objective of this thesis was to make a descriptive analysis of this disease’s clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis, as well as its diagnosis difficulty. Most of the animals presented signs of both the effusive and non-effusive forms, primarily including systemic, neurologic, and ophthalmic signs. A valid FIP diagnosis requires careful consideration of risk factors, a thorough physical examination and history, ultrasound evaluation, laboratory test values, and a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, without which an FIP diagnosis cannot be confirmed.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cats, primarily due to its high mortality rate, and the challenges associated with treatment, which although there are some effective treatment options, they are not yet commercialized in many countries, like Portugal. This disease is caused by a coronavirus and is associated with two distinct clinical forms, effusive and non-effusive, with different presentations and both with very nonspecific clinical signals. The diagnosis of FIP is highly challenging, not only due to its nonspecific clinical presentation but also because there is no test to differentiate the FIP-causing coronavirus from other coronavirus. The objective of this thesis was to make a descriptive analysis of this disease’s clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis, as well as its diagnosis difficulty. Most of the animals presented signs of both the effusive and non-effusive forms, primarily including systemic, neurologic, and ophthalmic signs. A valid FIP diagnosis requires careful consideration of risk factors, a thorough physical examination and history, ultrasound evaluation, laboratory test values, and a positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, without which an FIP diagnosis cannot be confirmed.
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VIROLOGIA ANIMAL, SINTOMATOLOGIA, PIF, CORONAVIRUS FELINO, PCR, DIAGNÓSTICOS, MEIOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO, GATOS, VETERINARY MEDICINE, VETERINARY VIROLOGY, SYMPTOMATOLOGY, FELINE CORONAVIRUS, DIAGNOSES, DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES, CATS