Gestão do peso em populações obesas e com excesso de peso
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2013
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O excesso de peso e a obesidade afectam mais de 65% da população adulta e estão associados ao aumento do risco de doenças crónicas, incluindo a diabetes
mellitus, doenças artério-coronárias e cancro (WHO, 2013). Existem diversas estratégias para combater a obesidade, entre as quais se incluem intervenções
comportamentais baseadas no aumento de energia despendida e diminuição da energia consumida, podendo contribuir para perdas entre 5%-10% do peso corporal e
melhorar a saúde (Laddu et al., 2011). Mais concretamente, os mesmos autores referem que mudanças no estilo de vida, incluindo atividade física regular, escolhas alimentares saudáveis, controlo de porções, devem ser adotadas e requerem apoio de uma equipa multidisciplinar durante esse processo. A abordagem multidisciplinar deverá ser composta por profissionais da área da saúde e especialistas em nutrição, exercício, alteração comportamental, entre outros.
O presente relatório de estágio, está dividido em duas partes distintas. A primeira destinada à revisão sistemática de literatura (RSL) cujo objectivo se centrou
na evidência existente sobre os benefícios do treino intervalado de alta intensidade na perda de massa gorda na população obesa e com excesso de peso. A segunda parte, destinada à intervenção de estágio desenvolvida no Instituto Teresa Branco no âmbito de programas para a gestão do peso.
Na RSL foram analisados estudos compostos por diferentes durações,
frequências semanais e volumes de exercício físico por treino, os quais originaram resultados positivos na perda de massa gorda. Paralelamente, o exercício intervalado de alta intensidade promoveu melhorias significativas na capacidade aeróbia e anaeróbia, acompanhadas por adaptações músculo-esqueléticas, aumentando a capacidade oxidativa e glicolítica, com a vantagem destes resultados poderem ser atingidos com um menor dispêndio de tempo.
Na intervenção de estágio, o acompanhamento nas consultas de fisiologia do exercício promoveu melhorias na composição corporal dos participantes em programa
, tendo havido uma média de peso perdido de 10,6% nos programas de gestão do peso finalizados, com variação de 4,5 a 22,9kg de peso perdido. Nos programas que não
foram finalizados, houve uma média de 7,6% de peso perdido com uma variação de 1,1 a 19,8kg de peso perdido. Foram realizadas diversas atividades no âmbito da gestão do peso, de modo a dinamizar a clínica e a proporcionar um melhor
acompanhamento aos clientes, através de treinos em circuito, caminhadas, workshops, entre outros, que tiveram uma variação de participantes entre 3 a 15.
Conclusão: Os efeitos do treino intervalado de alta intensidade são promissores, mas serão necessários mais estudos utilizando a população obesa e com excesso de peso, com diferentes características tais como os intervalos etários, intensidades de esforço, duração das intervenções e co-morbilidades associadas à obesidade. Através da
intervenção de estágio adquiri e melhorei competências que me permitem uma aprendizagem ao longo da vida de forma autónoma, realizar uma consulta de
fisiologia do exercício e planear e executar atividades de dinamização.
Overweight and obesity affect more than 65% of the adult population and are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, arterial-coronary diseases and cancer (WHO, 2013). There are several strategies to combat obesity, which include behavioral interventions based on increasing energy expenditure and decreased energy consumption, contributing to losses between 5% - 10% of body weight and improving health (Laddu et al. 2011). It was also verified by the same authors that changes in lifestyle, including regular physical activity, healthy food choices, control portions, should be adopted and require support during this process by a multidisciplinary team that may be composed by health professionals and experts in nutrition, exercise, behavior modification, among others. This present internship report is divided into two distinct parts. The first aimed at a systematic literature review (SLR) that focused on the existing evidence on the benefits of high-intensity interval training on fat loss for obese and overweight. The second part, for the intervention stage developed at the Teresa Branco Institute, in weight management programs. In SLR were analyzed studies composed by different durations, different frequencies and different volumes of weekly exercise per workout, which led to positive results in the loss of fat mass. Meanwhile, the high-intensity interval exercise promotes significant improvements in aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and produces musculoskeletal adaptations, increasing oxidative and glycolytic capacity, with the advantage of these results could be achieved with a smaller expenditure of time. In the intervention stage, there were improvements in body composition of the participants in the program during the monitoring in exercise physiology consultation, with a weight loss average of 10.6% in weight management programs finalized, ranging from 4.5 to 22.9 kg of weight loss. In programs that have not been completed, there were an average of 7.6% of weight loss with a variance from 1.1 to 19.8 kg of weight loss. Different activities in weight management were carried out in order to streamline the clinic and provide better accompaniment for customers through circuit training, hiking, workshops, among others, which have a range of participants between 3-15. Conclusion: The effects of this type of training are promising, but further studies are needed using the population obese and overweight, with different characteristics such as age ranges, effort intensities, duration of interventions and co-morbidities associated with obesity. Through the intervention stage, I acquire and improved skills that allow me to learning lifelong autonomously carrying out an exercise physiology consultation, plan and execute promotion activities.
Overweight and obesity affect more than 65% of the adult population and are associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, arterial-coronary diseases and cancer (WHO, 2013). There are several strategies to combat obesity, which include behavioral interventions based on increasing energy expenditure and decreased energy consumption, contributing to losses between 5% - 10% of body weight and improving health (Laddu et al. 2011). It was also verified by the same authors that changes in lifestyle, including regular physical activity, healthy food choices, control portions, should be adopted and require support during this process by a multidisciplinary team that may be composed by health professionals and experts in nutrition, exercise, behavior modification, among others. This present internship report is divided into two distinct parts. The first aimed at a systematic literature review (SLR) that focused on the existing evidence on the benefits of high-intensity interval training on fat loss for obese and overweight. The second part, for the intervention stage developed at the Teresa Branco Institute, in weight management programs. In SLR were analyzed studies composed by different durations, different frequencies and different volumes of weekly exercise per workout, which led to positive results in the loss of fat mass. Meanwhile, the high-intensity interval exercise promotes significant improvements in aerobic and anaerobic capacity, and produces musculoskeletal adaptations, increasing oxidative and glycolytic capacity, with the advantage of these results could be achieved with a smaller expenditure of time. In the intervention stage, there were improvements in body composition of the participants in the program during the monitoring in exercise physiology consultation, with a weight loss average of 10.6% in weight management programs finalized, ranging from 4.5 to 22.9 kg of weight loss. In programs that have not been completed, there were an average of 7.6% of weight loss with a variance from 1.1 to 19.8 kg of weight loss. Different activities in weight management were carried out in order to streamline the clinic and provide better accompaniment for customers through circuit training, hiking, workshops, among others, which have a range of participants between 3-15. Conclusion: The effects of this type of training are promising, but further studies are needed using the population obese and overweight, with different characteristics such as age ranges, effort intensities, duration of interventions and co-morbidities associated with obesity. Through the intervention stage, I acquire and improved skills that allow me to learning lifelong autonomously carrying out an exercise physiology consultation, plan and execute promotion activities.
Descrição
Orientação : Sandra Martins ; co-orientação : Teresa Branco
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, OBESIDADE, OBESITY, ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, DESPORTO, SPORT