Canabinóides - que indicações e contraindicações?
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2020
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A canábis (Cannabis sativa) tem sido estudada há milhares de anos pelas suas propriedades terapêuticas e industriais, e largamente investigada ao nível do isolamento dos seus constituintes ativos, especialmente, do tetrahidrocanabinol (THC) e do canabidiol (CBD). Mais recentemente, tem ganho especial interesse por parte da população que a utiliza quando as terapias convencionais não demonstram ser eficazes ou trazem muitos efeitos adversos. Para além disso, a indústria farmacêutica com base nos ensaios clínicos concluídos e em curso, já conta com produtos à base de canábis medicinal disponível no mercado. Este trabalho analisa a canábis do ponto de vista terapêutico com base nos estudos que se têm desenvolvido ao longo dos anos e apresenta os avanços mais recentes que se têm realizado com base na sua introdução no mercado, tendo como objetivo enumerar as indicações e contraindicações que até à data são mencionadas na literatura com base nas evidências científicas mais robustas. A metodologia inclui a pesquisa de artigos, ensaios clínicos e outros documentos no PUBMED, no Google Acadêmico, na revisão Cochrane e na base de dados da associação Cannativa. Como resultados são descritos alguns estudos para cada uma dos sistemas e áreas de atuação da canábis, a legislação corrente para alguns países e ensaios clínicos concluídos, em curso e em iniciação. Como conclusão, a canábis medicinal tem, pouco a pouco, ganho enfâse como futura terapêutica nalguns distúrbios e doenças para os quais se tem provado maior evidência científica com base nos estudos realizados. Também vários países aceitaram o uso da canábis total ou parcialmente, medicinal ou recreativamente tentando sempre elaborar leis que regulem o seu uso de modo racional e com segurança. Mais estudos e ensaios clínicos em humanos são, contudo ainda necessários para comprovar a eficácia da canábis medicinal nalgumas doenças para as quais a terapêutica atual não tem dado uma resposta satisfatória.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) has been used for thousands of years for its therapeutic and industrial properties and investigated since its active constituents’ isolation, specially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). More recently, has been gaining special interest by the population who search it when the current therapeutic options don’t work or bring too much adverse events and by the pharmaceutical industry which based on ended or ongoing clinical trials, already possess medicinal cannabis-based products in the market. This work makes a therapeutic point of view analysis of cannabis based on studies which have been developed over the last years and presents the most recent advances which have been done with regard on its introduction in the market, having as objective to enumerate indications and contraindications which till now cannabis presents based on the most robust scientific evidences. The methodology included the search for articles, clinical trials and other documents in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Review and Cannativa database. As results some studies for each of the cannabis systems and action areas, countries current legislations and ended, ongoing and initiating clinical trials are described. As a conclusion, medicinal cannabis has been gaining terrain as a future therapeutic option in some conditions and diseases which present the highest quality evidence due to the studies done. Moreover, many countries have been accepting total, partial, medicinal or recreational cannabis in its territories with regard in creating laws that regulate its rational and secure use. Still, more studies are required to validate the efficacy of medicinal cannabis in some diseases, due to the scarcity of robust trials.
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) has been used for thousands of years for its therapeutic and industrial properties and investigated since its active constituents’ isolation, specially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). More recently, has been gaining special interest by the population who search it when the current therapeutic options don’t work or bring too much adverse events and by the pharmaceutical industry which based on ended or ongoing clinical trials, already possess medicinal cannabis-based products in the market. This work makes a therapeutic point of view analysis of cannabis based on studies which have been developed over the last years and presents the most recent advances which have been done with regard on its introduction in the market, having as objective to enumerate indications and contraindications which till now cannabis presents based on the most robust scientific evidences. The methodology included the search for articles, clinical trials and other documents in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Review and Cannativa database. As results some studies for each of the cannabis systems and action areas, countries current legislations and ended, ongoing and initiating clinical trials are described. As a conclusion, medicinal cannabis has been gaining terrain as a future therapeutic option in some conditions and diseases which present the highest quality evidence due to the studies done. Moreover, many countries have been accepting total, partial, medicinal or recreational cannabis in its territories with regard in creating laws that regulate its rational and secure use. Still, more studies are required to validate the efficacy of medicinal cannabis in some diseases, due to the scarcity of robust trials.
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Orientação: Maria Lídia Palma
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MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, CANABINÓIDES, CANNABINOIDS