Populismo vs pluralismo : associação com preferências de liderança com base na teoria dos modelos relacionais
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2020
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O populismo apresenta-se como um fenómeno político da actualidade que emerge como alternativa ao sistema democrático liberal. Neste estudo testámos as associações da atitudes populistas e pluralistas a preferências por estilos de liderança com base em formas de legitimação do poder e à auto-eficácia. Salientamos que o Populismo e Pluralismo não se encontram correlacionadas entre si, o que nos permite compreender desde logo que estas variáveis não são opostas. Confirmámos a hipótese da associação entre a preferência por uma liderança legal-racional (baseada no Mercado e Igualdade) e o Pluralismo, o mesmo não se verificou para a hipótese da associação entre a preferência por uma liderança carismática (baseada na Comunhão e Autoridade) e o Populismo. O Populismo apresenta-se associado aos modelos de Igualdade, Mercado e Comunhão. No entanto, o modelo de Autoridade não apresenta um impacto sobre as atitudes políticas, nem um efeito de interacção com as outras variáveis do modelo. Podemos assim concluir que nem o populismo nem o pluralismo se baseiam numa preferência pelo estilo de liderança com bases autoritárias. As preferências pela Igualdade, Mercado e Comunhão encontram-se relacionadas entre si e apresentam todas tanto um impacto nas atitudes pluralistas como populistas.
Populism appears as a current political phenomenon that emerges as an alternative to the liberal democratic system. In this study we tested the associations of populist and pluralist attitudes to preferences for leadership styles based on forms of legitimizing power and to self-efficacy. We emphasize that Populism and Pluralism are not correlated with each other, allowing us to understand from the outset that these variables are not opposite. We confirmed the hypothesis of the association between the preference for legal-rational leadership (based on Market and Equality) and Pluralism; this did not hold for the hypothesis of the association between preference for charismatic leadership (based on Communion and Authority) and Populism. We found Populism to be associated with the models of Equality, Market and Communion. However, the Authority model variable does not have an impact on political attitudes, nor does it have an interaction effect with the other models. We can therefore conclude that neither populism nor pluralism is based on a preference for leadership style with authoritarian bases. The variables preferences for Equality, Market and Communion are related to each other and all have an impact on both pluralist and populist attitudes.
Populism appears as a current political phenomenon that emerges as an alternative to the liberal democratic system. In this study we tested the associations of populist and pluralist attitudes to preferences for leadership styles based on forms of legitimizing power and to self-efficacy. We emphasize that Populism and Pluralism are not correlated with each other, allowing us to understand from the outset that these variables are not opposite. We confirmed the hypothesis of the association between the preference for legal-rational leadership (based on Market and Equality) and Pluralism; this did not hold for the hypothesis of the association between preference for charismatic leadership (based on Communion and Authority) and Populism. We found Populism to be associated with the models of Equality, Market and Communion. However, the Authority model variable does not have an impact on political attitudes, nor does it have an interaction effect with the other models. We can therefore conclude that neither populism nor pluralism is based on a preference for leadership style with authoritarian bases. The variables preferences for Equality, Market and Communion are related to each other and all have an impact on both pluralist and populist attitudes.
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Orientação: Rodrigo Brito
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MESTRADO EM PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL E DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES, PSICOLOGIA, PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL, POPULISMO, MULTICULTURALISMO, PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, POPULISM, MULTICULTURALISM, POLITICS