Caracterização fenotípica de estirpes multirresistentes de Campylobacter spp. isoladas de diferentes espécies de aves abatidas para consumo humano em Portugal
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A campilobacteriose é uma doença zoonótica emergente causada por bactérias do género Campylobacter spp., destacando-se C. jejuni e C. coli como os principais agentes etiológicos da infeção humana. É a zoonose mais frequentemente notificada na Europa desde 2005. No entanto, em 2023, a campilobacteriose foi a segunda principal causa bacteriana e a quarta entre todos os agentes etiológicos responsáveis por surtos de doenças de origem alimentar na União Europeia. A sua ampla distribuição no reservatório aviário, particularmente em aves de produção, sustenta a sua relevância em saúde pública. A resistência a antimicrobianos criticamente importantes na Saúde Humana, como fluoroquinolonas, macrólidos e tetraciclinas, tem aumentado entre estirpes de Campylobacter spp., comprometendo o tratamento de infeções graves. Devido à emergência de estirpes multirresistentes (MDR), a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) incluiu Campylobacter spp. na lista de agentes patogénicos prioritários para investigação e vigilância. No contexto da UE, Portugal apresenta uma das mais elevadas taxas de resistência à ciprofloxacina e eritromicina em isolados de Campylobacter de origem humana. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de C. coli e C. jejuni em fezes de frangos e perus, criados em sistemas de produção intensiva para consumo humano em Portugal, caracterizando fenotipicamente os isolados multirresistentes identificados. No total, foram colhidas 137 amostras de cecos (90 de frangos e 47 de perus), provenientes das regiões de Aveiro, Braga, Viseu, Castelo Branco, Leiria, Lisboa Setúbal e Santarém. C. coli foi identificado em 5,11% (n=7) das amostras de frangos, enquanto todas as amostras de perus foram negativas para Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni não foi identificado em nenhuma das amostras estudadas. Entre os isolados de C. coli, 85,7% (6/7) apresentaram resistência simultânea à ciprofloxacina, tetraciclina, eritromicina e ampicilina, tendo sido, por isso, classificados como multirresistentes. Embora a frequência de Campylobacter spp. nas amostras analisadas tenha sido baixa, a elevada taxa de estirpes MDR é alarmante. Os resultados obtidos reforçam a necessidade de uma vigilância contínua, especialmente em C. coli, e a implementação de medidas eficazes de controlo ao longo da cadeia de produção de frango, minimizando o risco de disseminação de estirpes resistentes. Considerando que a principal via de infeção humana envolve o consumo de carne de aves contaminada ou a contaminação cruzada durante a sua preparação, estes resultados alertam para o seu potencial impacto em saúde pública. Globalmente, estes resultados reforçam a importância de uma abordagem integrada de "Uma Só Saúde", promovendo a colaboração entre os setores da saúde humana, animal e ambiental no combate às infeções zoonóticas e à resistência antimicrobiana.
Campylobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Campylobacter spp., with C. jejuni and C. coli standing out as the main etiological agents of human infection. It has been the most frequently reported zoonosis in Europe since 2005. However, in 2023, campylobacteriosis ranked as the second leading bacterial cause and the fourth among all etiological agents responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks in the European Union. Its wide distribution in the avian reservoir, particularly in poultry, emphasizes its public health relevance. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials for Human Health, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, has been increasing among Campylobacter spp. strains, compromising the treatment of severe infections. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included Campylobacter spp. in the list of priority pathogens for research and surveillance. In the context of the EU, Portugal shows one of the highest rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin in Campylobacter isolates of human origin. This study aimed to assess the presence of C. coli and C. jejuni in feces from broilers and turkeys raised in intensive production systems for human consumption in Portugal, phenotypically characterizing the identified MDR isolates. A total of 137 cecal samples were collected (90 from broilers and 47 from turkeys), originating from the regions of Aveiro, Braga, Viseu, Castelo Branco, Leiria, Lisbon, Setúbal, and Santarém. C. coli was identified in 5.11% (n=7) of the broiler samples, while all turkey samples tested negative for Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was not identified in any of the samples analyzed. Among the C. coli isolates, 85.7% (6/7) showed simultaneous resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin, and were therefore classified as multidrug-resistant. Although the frequency of Campylobacter spp. in the analyzed samples was low, the high rate of MDR strains is alarming. The results highlight the need for continuous surveillance, particularly for C. coli, and the implementation of effective control measures throughout the poultry production chain to minimize the risk of dissemination of resistant strains. Considering that the main route of human infection involves the consumption of contaminated poultry meat or cross-contamination during its preparation, these findings warn of a potential public health 9 impact. Overall, the results reinforce the importance of a "One Health" integrated approach, promoting collaboration among human, animal, and environmental health sectors to combat zoonotic infections and antimicrobial resistance.
Campylobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Campylobacter spp., with C. jejuni and C. coli standing out as the main etiological agents of human infection. It has been the most frequently reported zoonosis in Europe since 2005. However, in 2023, campylobacteriosis ranked as the second leading bacterial cause and the fourth among all etiological agents responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks in the European Union. Its wide distribution in the avian reservoir, particularly in poultry, emphasizes its public health relevance. Resistance to critically important antimicrobials for Human Health, such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, has been increasing among Campylobacter spp. strains, compromising the treatment of severe infections. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included Campylobacter spp. in the list of priority pathogens for research and surveillance. In the context of the EU, Portugal shows one of the highest rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin in Campylobacter isolates of human origin. This study aimed to assess the presence of C. coli and C. jejuni in feces from broilers and turkeys raised in intensive production systems for human consumption in Portugal, phenotypically characterizing the identified MDR isolates. A total of 137 cecal samples were collected (90 from broilers and 47 from turkeys), originating from the regions of Aveiro, Braga, Viseu, Castelo Branco, Leiria, Lisbon, Setúbal, and Santarém. C. coli was identified in 5.11% (n=7) of the broiler samples, while all turkey samples tested negative for Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was not identified in any of the samples analyzed. Among the C. coli isolates, 85.7% (6/7) showed simultaneous resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ampicillin, and were therefore classified as multidrug-resistant. Although the frequency of Campylobacter spp. in the analyzed samples was low, the high rate of MDR strains is alarming. The results highlight the need for continuous surveillance, particularly for C. coli, and the implementation of effective control measures throughout the poultry production chain to minimize the risk of dissemination of resistant strains. Considering that the main route of human infection involves the consumption of contaminated poultry meat or cross-contamination during its preparation, these findings warn of a potential public health 9 impact. Overall, the results reinforce the importance of a "One Health" integrated approach, promoting collaboration among human, animal, and environmental health sectors to combat zoonotic infections and antimicrobial resistance.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, DRUG RESISTANCE, ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE, BIRDS, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD INDUSTRY, ZOONOSES, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE, MACROLIDES, PORTUGAL, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, RESISTÊNCIA AOS MEDICAMENTOS, RESISTÊNCIA AOS ANTIBIÓTICOS, AVES, SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR, INDÚSTRIA ALIMENTAR, ZOONOSES, VIGILÂNCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA, MACRÓLIDOS, PORTUGAL