Segundas residências e desenvolvimento local em Portugal
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2023
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Neste trabalho, entende-se que as segundas residências são alojamentos onde ninguém tem a sua
residência habitual e que são ocupados por períodos mais ou menos longos, com maior ou menor frequência e em
diferentes partes do ano. Os estudos sobre este fenómeno têm raízes nos anos 60 do século XX, mas foi mais
recentemente que se expandiram a diferentes contextos geográficos e sociais, também com diferentes abordagens
disciplinares. Em Portugal esse interesse radica em estudos pioneiros dos anos 80 e 90, que se retomaram e
expandiram desde a primeira década no século XXI.
A principal questão de investigação deste trabalho relaciona-se com os efeitos e impactes da expansão
das segundas residências sobre o desenvolvimento local, sendo que a respetiva resposta, tendo como embasamento
teórico-conceptual o modelo IDENTERRA, foi obtida através de uma análise quantiqualitativa, tanto à escala do
Continente português, como à da sub-região do Oeste, adotando uma segmentação em três dimensões: i) a casa;
ii) os utilizadores; e, iii) os usos.
O crescimento das segundas residências em Portugal, desde os anos 60 do século XX, tem sido marcado
por três padrões distintos e complementares: i) a saliência das resultantes do abandono dos campos, sobretudo em
áreas mais serranas; ii) seguidas pela consolidação das implantadas em áreas de amenidades ambientais, sobretudo
litorais e nas imediações das duas grandes áreas metropolitanas; e, por fim, iii) as mais recentemente ligadas a
fenómenos de desenvolvimento turístico regionalmente e economicamente integradas, com destaque para o
Algarve e os fenómenos específicos do imobiliário turístico.
As grandes conclusões do estudo foram as seguintes: i) em relação à dimensão “casa”, elas surgem no
interior dos aglomerados e não são ostensivamente marcantes na paisagem, estando ligadas a sistemas de drenagem
e de abastecimento e dinamizando alguns serviços locais de manutenção e reparação; ii) na dimensão “utilizador”,
para além do estatuto económico e socioprofissional não ser distintivamente relevante, é visível uma separação
entre os casais jovens com filhos e os mais idosos com netos, em relação direta com uma utilização que combina
estadias mais curtas e mais frequentes com outras mais longas e, também por isso, menos frequentes; iii) na
dimensão “uso”, destaca-se a fruição do descanso e lazer, a par da utilização da praia e dos passeios e convívio
com familiares e amigos.
No geral, a grande distinção entre todas as modalidades de relação das dimensões consideradas, é
mediada, ou até determinada, pelo sentimento de pertença ou apego ao lugar, seja por via da existência de relações
familiares, seja pela longevidade da sua frequentação. É a relação com o lugar que determina os maiores níveis de
envolvimento e de produção de efeitos e impactes positivos sobre o desenvolvimento local, não só do ponto de
vista da utilização e aquisição de bens e serviços, como dos níveis de conhecimento e envolvimento na solução
dos problemas locais.
Palavras-chave: segundas residências; turismo de segunda residência; desenvolvimento local; efeitos e
impactes; ordenamento do território
In this research it is assumed that second homes are dwellings where no one has their year around residence but that are occupied for more or less long periods, with greater or lesser frequency at different times of the year. Studies of this phenomenon are rooted in the 1960s but more recently were expanded to different geographical and social contexts, along with the adoption of different disciplinary approaches. In Portugal study of this topic began with pioneering studies in the 1980s and 1990s that were then extended beginning in the first decade of the 21st century. The main research question of this work is related to the effects and impacts of the expansion of second homes on local development. The IDENTERRA model provides the theoretical-conceptual basis upon which the research relies. The findings are the outcome of a quantitative and qualitative analysis that covered owners and users of second homes both on the Portuguese mainland as a whole and in the sub-region of the Oeste. A three dimensional segmentation of the phenomenon was used: i) the house; ii) the users; and, iii) the uses. The growth of second homes in Portugal since the 1960s has been marked by three distinct and complementary patterns: i) the prominence of those resulting from the abandonment of the countryside by permanent residents, especially in the more mountainous areas; ii) followed by the consolidation of those constructed in areas with environmental amenities, especially on the coasts and in the vicinity of the two large metropolitan areas; and, finally, iii) the most recently linked to regionally and economically integrated tourism development projects, with an emphasis on the Algarve and the more specific phenomenon of tourist real estate. The main conclusions of the study are the following: i) in relation to the “house” dimension, they appear inside agglomerations of dwellings and are not ostensibly marked out in the landscape as being particularly distinctive, being linked to drainage and water/power supply systems and thereby stimulating some local maintenance and repair services; ii) in the “user” dimension, in addition to the economic and socio-professional status as not being distinctly relevant, a separation between young couples with children and older couples with grandchildren is visible, in direct relation to use that combines shorter and frequent stays, for the former, with others that are longer and, therefore, less frequent, for the latter; iii) in the “use” dimension, the enjoyment of rest and leisure stands out, in particular beach activities, walking, and socializing with family and friends. In general, the relative feeling of belonging or attachment to the place, either through the existence of family relationships or through the longevity of frequentation, is what drives the persistence of the second-home phenomenon. All of the various facets of the second homes as detailed above can be said to mediate or even determine the intensity of the attachment. It is thus the relationship with the place that also determines the highest levels of involvement and production of positive effects and impacts on local development, not only from the point of view of the local acquisition and use of goods and services, but also in terms of the levels of knowledge and involvement needed for the solution of local problems associated with second-home ownership and use. Keywords: second homes; second home tourism; local development; effects and impacts; Territorial Planning
In this research it is assumed that second homes are dwellings where no one has their year around residence but that are occupied for more or less long periods, with greater or lesser frequency at different times of the year. Studies of this phenomenon are rooted in the 1960s but more recently were expanded to different geographical and social contexts, along with the adoption of different disciplinary approaches. In Portugal study of this topic began with pioneering studies in the 1980s and 1990s that were then extended beginning in the first decade of the 21st century. The main research question of this work is related to the effects and impacts of the expansion of second homes on local development. The IDENTERRA model provides the theoretical-conceptual basis upon which the research relies. The findings are the outcome of a quantitative and qualitative analysis that covered owners and users of second homes both on the Portuguese mainland as a whole and in the sub-region of the Oeste. A three dimensional segmentation of the phenomenon was used: i) the house; ii) the users; and, iii) the uses. The growth of second homes in Portugal since the 1960s has been marked by three distinct and complementary patterns: i) the prominence of those resulting from the abandonment of the countryside by permanent residents, especially in the more mountainous areas; ii) followed by the consolidation of those constructed in areas with environmental amenities, especially on the coasts and in the vicinity of the two large metropolitan areas; and, finally, iii) the most recently linked to regionally and economically integrated tourism development projects, with an emphasis on the Algarve and the more specific phenomenon of tourist real estate. The main conclusions of the study are the following: i) in relation to the “house” dimension, they appear inside agglomerations of dwellings and are not ostensibly marked out in the landscape as being particularly distinctive, being linked to drainage and water/power supply systems and thereby stimulating some local maintenance and repair services; ii) in the “user” dimension, in addition to the economic and socio-professional status as not being distinctly relevant, a separation between young couples with children and older couples with grandchildren is visible, in direct relation to use that combines shorter and frequent stays, for the former, with others that are longer and, therefore, less frequent, for the latter; iii) in the “use” dimension, the enjoyment of rest and leisure stands out, in particular beach activities, walking, and socializing with family and friends. In general, the relative feeling of belonging or attachment to the place, either through the existence of family relationships or through the longevity of frequentation, is what drives the persistence of the second-home phenomenon. All of the various facets of the second homes as detailed above can be said to mediate or even determine the intensity of the attachment. It is thus the relationship with the place that also determines the highest levels of involvement and production of positive effects and impacts on local development, not only from the point of view of the local acquisition and use of goods and services, but also in terms of the levels of knowledge and involvement needed for the solution of local problems associated with second-home ownership and use. Keywords: second homes; second home tourism; local development; effects and impacts; Territorial Planning
Descrição
Orientação: Maria de Nazaré Oliveira Roca; co-orientação; Zoran Roca
Palavras-chave
DOUTORAMENTO EM URBANISMO, URBANISMO, URBANISM, DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, ORDENAMENTO DO TERRITÓRIO, LAND USE PLANNING, TURISMO RESIDENCIAL, RESIDENTIAL TOURISM, PORTUGAL