Estudo da tomada de decisão em indivíduos com diagnóstico de doença bipolar Tipo I e Tipo II
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Data
2015
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a tomada de decisão numa amostra clínica de
indivíduos com diagnóstico de perturbação bipolar (PB). A amostra foi composta por 11 indivíduos com diagnóstico de PB tipo I e 14 indivíduos com diagnóstico de PB tipo II, em fase de eutimia, através da aplicação de uma bateria de provas de avaliação neuropsicológica. Pretendeu-se ainda
efetuar uma comparação entre a amostra recolhida e os dados normativos, bem como efetuar uma
comparação entre estes dois grupos e verificar a existência de variações em função do diagnóstico
de PB ao nível das funções cognitivas, atenção, memória e funções executivas, controlo inibitório e
tomada de decisão. Pretendeu-se, por fim, efetuar uma análise exploratória de alguns dos dados
clínicos e demográficos recolhidos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram existência de défices
significativos ao nível das funções cognitivas e executivas em pacientes com PB quando
comparados com a população geral, sugerindo défices ao nível da tomada de decisão em pacientes com PB. Não foram evidenciadas diferenças significativas entre o grupo de PBI e o grupo de PBII.
Foi encontrada uma correlação entre défices cognitivos e um baixo nível de escolaridade, tendo-se
concluído que existem algumas discrepâncias nos resultados encontrados na literatura ao nível das
funções cognitivas e executivas, bem como a falta de estudos ao nível da tomada de decisão em
pacientes eutímicos com PB. Défices nas funções cognitivas e executivas, na PB parecem ser uma
característica estável da doença, evidenciando défices nas estruturas frontais, remetendo para uma
maior disfunção ao nível dos neurónios do córtex pré-frontal, sugerindo a existência de défices ao
nível da tomada de decisão. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para validar este resultado. Os
défices cognitivos observados em pacientes com PBI e PBII eutímicos são difíceis de diferenciar.
Um desempenho cognitivo inferior em pessoas com PB está associado a baixos níveis de
escolaridade. Considera-se portanto que a avaliação neuropsicológica é fundamental na
compreensão dos défices cognitivos existentes em pessoas com PB.
This study aimed to investigate decision making processes in a clinical sample individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD). The sample comprised 11 individuals diagnosed with BD type I and 14 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder BD type II in euthymia stage, by applying a battery of neuropsychological tests. The study also aimed to compare the scores from this sample with normative data, and between these two groups to study whether diagnosis affects cognitive function, attention, memory and executive functions, inhibitory control and decision. Also, this study aimed to do an exploratory analysis of some of the clinical and demographic data. The results showed the existence of significant deficits in cognitive and executive functions in patients with BD compared with the general population, suggesting deficits in the decision-making levels in patients with BD. No significant differences were found between the BDI group and BDII group. A correlation between cognitive deficits and a low level of education was found, which suggest that there are some discrepancies in the results reported in the literature in terms of cognitive and executive functions as well as the lack of studies to decision-making levels in euthymic patients with BD. The deficits in cognitive and executive functions in BD seem to be a stable characteristic of the disease, showing deficits in frontal structures, referring to greater dysfunction at the level of the prefrontal cortex neurons, suggesting the possibility of deficits at the connection decision. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate this conclusion. The cognitive deficits observed in patients with BDI and euthymic BDII are difficult to differentiate. A lower cognitive performance in people with PB is associated with low levels of education. These findings highlight the importance of neuropsychological assessment in understanding cognitive deficits in people with BD.
This study aimed to investigate decision making processes in a clinical sample individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD). The sample comprised 11 individuals diagnosed with BD type I and 14 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder BD type II in euthymia stage, by applying a battery of neuropsychological tests. The study also aimed to compare the scores from this sample with normative data, and between these two groups to study whether diagnosis affects cognitive function, attention, memory and executive functions, inhibitory control and decision. Also, this study aimed to do an exploratory analysis of some of the clinical and demographic data. The results showed the existence of significant deficits in cognitive and executive functions in patients with BD compared with the general population, suggesting deficits in the decision-making levels in patients with BD. No significant differences were found between the BDI group and BDII group. A correlation between cognitive deficits and a low level of education was found, which suggest that there are some discrepancies in the results reported in the literature in terms of cognitive and executive functions as well as the lack of studies to decision-making levels in euthymic patients with BD. The deficits in cognitive and executive functions in BD seem to be a stable characteristic of the disease, showing deficits in frontal structures, referring to greater dysfunction at the level of the prefrontal cortex neurons, suggesting the possibility of deficits at the connection decision. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate this conclusion. The cognitive deficits observed in patients with BDI and euthymic BDII are difficult to differentiate. A lower cognitive performance in people with PB is associated with low levels of education. These findings highlight the importance of neuropsychological assessment in understanding cognitive deficits in people with BD.
Descrição
Orientação : Jorge Oliveira
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM NEUROPSICOLOGIA APLICADA, PSICOLOGIA, PSYCHOLOGY, DOENÇA BIPOLAR, BIPOLAR DISORDER, FUNÇÕES EXECUTIVAS, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, MEMÓRIA, MEMORY, TOMADA DE DECISÃO, DECISION MAKING, CONTROLO INIBITÓRIO, INHIBITORY CONTROL