Fatores de risco de diarreia neonatal de vitelos de carne em regime extensivo
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A Diarreia Neonatal é uma das síndromes mais comuns em vitelos e é responsável por altos valores de mortalidade e morbilidade na produção de bovinos, com perdas económicas muito significativas para os produtores. É causada por vários agentes etiológicos e tem uma origem multifatorial. Hipotetizou-se que a ocorrência de diarreias neonatais nesta exploração difere consoante a sazonalidade, a idade e protocolo vacinal das mães; que tem impacto na mortalidade de vitelos mais velhos; e que o grau de diarreia tem impacto na mortalidade neonatal. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram estudar a relação entre ocorrência de diarreias neonatais em vitelos e a sazonalidade, a idade das mães, o protocolo vacinal das mães e a mortalidade dos vitelos; e avaliar a relação entre a gravidade da diarreia neonatal e a mortalidade dos vitelos numa idade mais avançada. Fizeram parte 2411 vitelos nascidos em 2023 e 2024 de uma exploração de vacas de carne localizada em Alcochete, Portugal. Do total, 123 (5,1%) vitelos foram identificados como afetados por diarreia. A ocorrência de diarreia nesta exploração foi mais frequente no inverno (p=0,014), e menor quando a vacinação das mães foi realizada num período inferior a 12 semanas pré-parto (p<0,001). Houve associação entre a ocorrência de diarreia e uma mortalidade neonatal superior (p<0,001) e entre diarreia de grau ligeiro e uma mortalidade neonatal inferior (p=0,012). A proporção de mortes de vitelos mais velhos não identificados e tratados para diarreia neonatal foi superior à daqueles tratados para diarreia (p<0,001). Não foi observada uma diferença significativa na ocorrência de diarreia entre vitelos filhos de vacas mais novas e filhos de vacas mais velhas. É cada vez mais importante consciencializar os produtores a implementar medidas controlo e prevenção para a diarreia neonatal em detrimento do tratamento, de forma a melhorar não só a qualidade de vida dos vitelos, mas também a rentabilidade das explorações.
Neonatal diarrhea is one of the most common syndromes in calves and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates in cattle production, with very significant economic losses for producers. It is caused by several etiological agents and has a multifactorial origin. It was hypothesized that the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea on this farm differs according to seasonality, age, and vaccination protocol of the mothers; that it has an impact on the mortality of older calves; and that the degree of diarrhea has an impact on neonatal mortality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves and seasonality, the age of the mothers, the vaccination protocol of the mothers, and calf mortality; and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of neonatal diarrhea and calf mortality at an older age. A total of 2,411 calves born in 2023 and 2024 on a beef cattle farm located in Alcochete, Portugal, were included. Of the total, 123 (5.1%) calves were identified as affected by diarrhea. The occurrence of diarrhea on this farm was more frequent in winter (p=0.014) and lower when the mothers were vaccinated less than 12 weeks before calving (p<0.001). There was an association between the occurrence of diarrhea and higher neonatal mortality (p<0.001) and between mild diarrhea and lower neonatal mortality (p=0.012). The proportion of deaths of older calves not identified and treated. It is increasingly important to raise awareness among producers to implement control and prevention measures for neonatal diarrhea rather than treatment, in order to improve not only the quality of life of calves, but also the profitability of farms.
Neonatal diarrhea is one of the most common syndromes in calves and is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates in cattle production, with very significant economic losses for producers. It is caused by several etiological agents and has a multifactorial origin. It was hypothesized that the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea on this farm differs according to seasonality, age, and vaccination protocol of the mothers; that it has an impact on the mortality of older calves; and that the degree of diarrhea has an impact on neonatal mortality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea in calves and seasonality, the age of the mothers, the vaccination protocol of the mothers, and calf mortality; and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of neonatal diarrhea and calf mortality at an older age. A total of 2,411 calves born in 2023 and 2024 on a beef cattle farm located in Alcochete, Portugal, were included. Of the total, 123 (5.1%) calves were identified as affected by diarrhea. The occurrence of diarrhea on this farm was more frequent in winter (p=0.014) and lower when the mothers were vaccinated less than 12 weeks before calving (p<0.001). There was an association between the occurrence of diarrhea and higher neonatal mortality (p<0.001) and between mild diarrhea and lower neonatal mortality (p=0.012). The proportion of deaths of older calves not identified and treated. It is increasingly important to raise awareness among producers to implement control and prevention measures for neonatal diarrhea rather than treatment, in order to improve not only the quality of life of calves, but also the profitability of farms.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, BOVIDS, DIARRHOEA, VETERINARY NEONATOLOGY, MORTALITY, VACCINATION, ANIMAL BREEDING, FOOD SAFETY, ANIMAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, ANIMAL WELFARE, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, BOVÍDEOS, DIARREIA, NEONATOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, MORTALIDADE, VACINAÇÃO, REPRODUÇÃO ANIMAL, SEGURANÇA ALIMENTAR, EPIDEMIOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, BEM-ESTAR ANIMAL