Lesões no ombro em praticantes de treino de força
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2022
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Resumo
O treino de força (TF) é um excelente auxiliar na prevenção de inúmeras
patologias e agrega múltiplos benefícios bem documentados na literatura. No entanto, o
aumento da população que recorre a este tipo de treino fez elevar as taxas de lesão, sendo
o ombro a área mais lesada nos praticantes de TF.
O presente estudo é constituído por uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL) e
uma investigação original observacional transversal, por forma a perceber a possível
existência de relação entre as lesões no ombro e o TF.
Para a RSL, a pesquisa foi efetuada segundo o modelo PICOS, com recurso às
bases de dados PubMed, Google Schoolar e Science Direct, que resultou em 7 artigos
selecionados, nos quais se observou uma maior importância dada pelos praticantes de TF
aos grandes grupos musculares, o que leva possivelmente a desequilíbrios dos rácios de
força e aumenta o risco de lesão. As lesões mais relatadas no ombro foram a síndrome
impacto subacromial (SIS) e pequenas distensões músculo-tendinosas.
Para a realização do artigo original (AO) foi aplicado um questionário em Portugal
continental (n=292), que, entre outras informações, permitiu analisar qual o principal
motivo para a prática de TF.
A saúde e bem-estar (76,7%) encontram-se no topo, com a maioria dos praticantes
a treinar 2 vezes por semana, com uma duração entre 45 e 60 minutos, a região anatómica
apontada como a mais afetada foi o ombro (32,4%), seguindo-se a coluna lombar (18,3%)
e o joelho (9,9%). A causa da lesão é descrita pela maioria dos participantes como a má
execução técnica (31,4), seguindo-se a fadiga (30%). A análise do corrente estudo mostra
que o género masculino foi quem mais se lesionou (63,4%). Foram analisados 6
exercícios comumente realizados no TF, são eles supino plano/inclinado, aberturas
planas/inclinadas, puxador dorsal, press ombro, remada alta e elevações laterais, dos 6
exercícios selecionados ficou demostrado que no exercício de remada alta, a percentagem
de lesão no ombro é superior para quem executa o exercício (13,4%) e inferior para quem
não executa o exercício (3,6%), sendo as diferenças estatisticamente significativas
(χ2(1)=4,194; p=0,041). Palavras-chave: Treino Força; Ombro; Lesões.
Strength training (TF) is an excellent aid in the prevention of numerous pathologies, and adds multiple benefits well documented in the literature, however the increase in the population in this type of training has increased injury rates, with the shoulder being the most important area injured in TF practitioners. The present study consists of a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) and an original observational cross-sectional investigation, in order to understand the possible existence of a relationship between shoulder injuries and TF. For RSL, the research was carried out according to the PICOS model, with resources from the PubMed, Google Schoolar and Science Direct databases, which resulted in 7 selected articles, in which it was observed a greater importance given by TF practitioners to large muscle groups, which possibly leads to imbalances in force ratios and increases the risk of injury. The most reported injuries in the shoulder were subacromial impact syndrome (SIS) and small musculotendinous strains. To carry out the original article, a questionnaire was applied in mainland Portugal (n=292), which allowed us to analyze the main reason for practicing TF. Health and well-being (76,7%) are at the top, with most practitioners training twice a week, lasting between 45 and 60 minutes, the anatomical region identified as the most affected was the shoulder (32,4%), followed by the lumbar spine (18,3%) and the knee (9,9%). The cause of the injury is described by most participants as poor technical execution (31,4%), followed by fatigue (30%), the analysis of the current study shows that the male gender was the one most injured (63,4%). Six exercises commonly performed in the ST were analyzed, they are flat/incline bench press, chest flat/inclined splits, pulldown, shoulder press, high rowing and lateral raises, of the selected exercises it was demonstrated that in the high rowing exercise the percentage of injury on the shoulder it is higher for those who perform the exercise (13,4%) and lower for those who do not perform the exercise (3,6%), with statistically significant differences (χ2 (1)=4,194; p=0,041). Keywords: Strength Training; Shoulder; Injuries
Strength training (TF) is an excellent aid in the prevention of numerous pathologies, and adds multiple benefits well documented in the literature, however the increase in the population in this type of training has increased injury rates, with the shoulder being the most important area injured in TF practitioners. The present study consists of a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) and an original observational cross-sectional investigation, in order to understand the possible existence of a relationship between shoulder injuries and TF. For RSL, the research was carried out according to the PICOS model, with resources from the PubMed, Google Schoolar and Science Direct databases, which resulted in 7 selected articles, in which it was observed a greater importance given by TF practitioners to large muscle groups, which possibly leads to imbalances in force ratios and increases the risk of injury. The most reported injuries in the shoulder were subacromial impact syndrome (SIS) and small musculotendinous strains. To carry out the original article, a questionnaire was applied in mainland Portugal (n=292), which allowed us to analyze the main reason for practicing TF. Health and well-being (76,7%) are at the top, with most practitioners training twice a week, lasting between 45 and 60 minutes, the anatomical region identified as the most affected was the shoulder (32,4%), followed by the lumbar spine (18,3%) and the knee (9,9%). The cause of the injury is described by most participants as poor technical execution (31,4%), followed by fatigue (30%), the analysis of the current study shows that the male gender was the one most injured (63,4%). Six exercises commonly performed in the ST were analyzed, they are flat/incline bench press, chest flat/inclined splits, pulldown, shoulder press, high rowing and lateral raises, of the selected exercises it was demonstrated that in the high rowing exercise the percentage of injury on the shoulder it is higher for those who perform the exercise (13,4%) and lower for those who do not perform the exercise (3,6%), with statistically significant differences (χ2 (1)=4,194; p=0,041). Keywords: Strength Training; Shoulder; Injuries
Descrição
Orientação: Rodrigo Miguel Arsénio dos Santos Ruivo
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, DESPORTO, SPORT, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, TREINO DA FORÇA, STRENGTH TRAINING, LESÕES DESPORTIVAS, SPORT INJURIES, OMBROS, SHOULDERS