Nanotecnologia e a sua aplicação à terapêutica oncológica
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2013
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A nanotecnologia, e a sua aplicação na área da biomedicina, em particular na
terapêutica e diagnóstico oncológico, tem sido alvo de um desenvolvimento exponencial, com impacto profundo no que respeita a cuidados de saúde. O cancro é uma das doenças que afecta mais pessoas a nível mundial, com elevados índices de mortalidade, níveis de sofrimento físico e emocional e, encargos para o doente, família e sociedade. É uma doença complexa, e a prática clínica convencional constitui um paradigma, na medida em que se
revela insuficiente e extremamente agressiva, expondo o doente a medicamentos
citotóxicos, não específicos, com elevada toxicidade sistémica e efeitos adversos. A
Nanomedicina, e a exploração das propriedades únicas das nanopartículas, apresenta a
potencialidade de melhorar a capacidade de detecção e diagnóstico do cancro e, aumentar
a especificidade e efectividade no tratamento das células tumorais. No entanto, o recurso a
nanotecnologias continua a ser alvo de alguma controvérsia e cepticismo por parte de alguns elementos das comunidades científicas e académica.
Com nanoprodutos já aprovados e utilizados em prática clínica e muitos outros em
desenvolvimento e investigação em ensaios clínicos, a realização deste trabalho tem como
objectivo compreender os conceitos de nanotecnologia e Nanomedicina, perceber o estado
da arte, ponderando as vantagens e desvantagens da abordagem “nano” e a sua real aplicação à terapêutica oncológica.
Nanotechnology and its application in biomedicine, particularly in cancer diagnosis and treatment, has been the target of an exponential development, with profound impact on healthcare. Cancer is a disease that affects more people globally, with high mortality rates, levels of physical and emotional suffering and burden for the patient, family and society. It is a complex disease, and the conventional clinical practice constitutes a paradigm, as it is not quite effective and extremely aggressive, exposing the patient to non-specific cytotoxic drugs, with high systemic toxicity and adverse effects. Nanomedicine and exploitation of the unique properties of nano-sized particles, has the potential to improve the detection and diagnosis of cancer and increase the specificity and effectiveness in the treatment of tumor cells. However, the use of nanotechnology remains the subject of some controversy and uncertainty by some elements of the scientific and academic communities. With nanomedicines already approved and used in clinical practice, and many others in development and research in clinical trials , this work aims to understand the concepts of nanotechnology and nanomedicine , realize the state of art , balancing the advantages and disadvantages of the " nano " approach and its actual application to cancer therapy.
Nanotechnology and its application in biomedicine, particularly in cancer diagnosis and treatment, has been the target of an exponential development, with profound impact on healthcare. Cancer is a disease that affects more people globally, with high mortality rates, levels of physical and emotional suffering and burden for the patient, family and society. It is a complex disease, and the conventional clinical practice constitutes a paradigm, as it is not quite effective and extremely aggressive, exposing the patient to non-specific cytotoxic drugs, with high systemic toxicity and adverse effects. Nanomedicine and exploitation of the unique properties of nano-sized particles, has the potential to improve the detection and diagnosis of cancer and increase the specificity and effectiveness in the treatment of tumor cells. However, the use of nanotechnology remains the subject of some controversy and uncertainty by some elements of the scientific and academic communities. With nanomedicines already approved and used in clinical practice, and many others in development and research in clinical trials , this work aims to understand the concepts of nanotechnology and nanomedicine , realize the state of art , balancing the advantages and disadvantages of the " nano " approach and its actual application to cancer therapy.
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Orientação : Catarina Pinto Reis
Palavras-chave
NANOTECNOLOGIA, NANOTECHNOLOGY, MEDICINE, CANCRO, CANCER, ONCOLOGIA, ONCOLOGY, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, TERAPÊUTICAS, THERAPEUTICS, FARMACOLOGIA, PHARMACOLOGY, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, MEDICINA, NANOPARTÍCULAS, NANOPARTICLES, NANOMEDICINA, NANOMEDICINE