Post-war reconstruction in the context of historic preservation case study : the old city of Homs Khan Al-Jamal
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2018
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A guerra e o conflito armado são a mais séria ameaça às estruturas sociais, económicas e
culturais dos países que passaram por esse tipo de circunstância. Infelizmente, o que
realmente fica visível sobre a destruição pós-guerras são os danos arquitetónicos e urbanos,
particularmente em edifícios históricos que representam a identidade do lugar. Os edifícios
históricos assumem diferenças particularizadas, existindo várias abordagens para lidar com
cada um dos exemplares, atendendo ao tecido urbano envolvente, à importância do edifício
no seu valor histórico e arquitetónico, assim como tendo em consideração os recursos
disponíveis para a intervenção.
A Síria é um dos países que sofreu com um conflito armado desde 2012. Além do sofrimento
humano e de como a sociedade síria foi moldada, esse conflito armado afetou negativamente
as infraestruturas de muitas cidades em todo o país. Homs, a terceira maior cidade da Síria,
sofreu cerca de três anos de guerra, numa destruição em grande escala em quase todas as
partes do território urbano consolidado.
Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo teórico de edifícios históricos no contexto da conservação
do espaço urbano. Além disso, procura desenvolver a ideia de preservação do património
cultural e como isso pode constituir uma ferramenta positiva, não apenas para recuperar o
ambiente urbano e histórico, mas também desempenhando um papel importante na fase de
recuperação pós-guerra, na reconstrução e eventual reconciliação.
O estudo inclui a apresentação de alguns edifícios historicamente importantes na cidade
antiga de Homs, que foram danificados devido ao conflito armado e recriam uma conexão
visual entre eles, no sentido de recuperar as características urbanas e originais da cidade
antiga. Além disso, tomando 'Khan Al-Jamal' como um exemplo de um edifício histórico
destruído, que precisa de um plano de reconstrução e reabilitação de baixo custo, procura-se
traçar diretrizes para os projetos pós-guerra. Por fim, esses planos representam impactos
sociais, culturais e económicos profundos no ambiente urbano, que podem atender à
necessidade de continuidade da melhoria de qualidade de vida, além da conservação histórica
e da preservação da identidade da cidade.
Wars and armed conflicts represent the most serious threat to nations that have been through these kinds of circumstances because they negatively affect their social, political, economic and cultural cohesion. Unfortunately, what really stays to tell us about the destruction following the wars is the architectural and urban damages, particularly historic buildings that represent the identity of the place. Historic buildings have many differences, accordingly, there are various approaches to deal with each historic building considering the urban fabric in the surrounding environment, and these approaches depend on the importance of the building, its historical value and the available resources. Syria is one of the country that suffered from an armed conflict since 2012. In addition to the human suffering and how the Syrian society was shaped, this armed conflict affected negatively the infrastructure and many cities all over the country. Homs, the third biggest city in Syria, suffered about three years of war, and after the war, a large-scale of destruction over almost all parts of the old city was left behind. This research presents a theoretical study of historical buildings in the context of historic and urban conservation. Moreover, it seeks to enhance the idea of cultural heritage preservation and how this could be as a positive tool, not only to regain the historic built environment but also it can play an important role in the recovery phase following a period of wars, for social reconstruction and eventual reconciliation. This study includes presenting some historically important buildings in the old city of Homs, which have been damaged due to the armed conflict and recreate a visual connection between them to regain the city's old features. In addition, this study draw guidelines for post-war reconstruction plans for ‘Khan Al-Jamal’, an example of a destroyed historic building, which need reconstruction and rehabilitation plans with the best attempts to have a low-cost plan. Finally, those plans could have social, cultural and economic deep impacts on the urban environment, which can fulfil the need of continuity, modern-day demands, and better quality of life along with historic conservation and preserve the identity of the city.
Wars and armed conflicts represent the most serious threat to nations that have been through these kinds of circumstances because they negatively affect their social, political, economic and cultural cohesion. Unfortunately, what really stays to tell us about the destruction following the wars is the architectural and urban damages, particularly historic buildings that represent the identity of the place. Historic buildings have many differences, accordingly, there are various approaches to deal with each historic building considering the urban fabric in the surrounding environment, and these approaches depend on the importance of the building, its historical value and the available resources. Syria is one of the country that suffered from an armed conflict since 2012. In addition to the human suffering and how the Syrian society was shaped, this armed conflict affected negatively the infrastructure and many cities all over the country. Homs, the third biggest city in Syria, suffered about three years of war, and after the war, a large-scale of destruction over almost all parts of the old city was left behind. This research presents a theoretical study of historical buildings in the context of historic and urban conservation. Moreover, it seeks to enhance the idea of cultural heritage preservation and how this could be as a positive tool, not only to regain the historic built environment but also it can play an important role in the recovery phase following a period of wars, for social reconstruction and eventual reconciliation. This study includes presenting some historically important buildings in the old city of Homs, which have been damaged due to the armed conflict and recreate a visual connection between them to regain the city's old features. In addition, this study draw guidelines for post-war reconstruction plans for ‘Khan Al-Jamal’, an example of a destroyed historic building, which need reconstruction and rehabilitation plans with the best attempts to have a low-cost plan. Finally, those plans could have social, cultural and economic deep impacts on the urban environment, which can fulfil the need of continuity, modern-day demands, and better quality of life along with historic conservation and preserve the identity of the city.
Descrição
Orientação: Filipa
Alexandra Gomes da Silva Oliveira Antunes
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM URBANISMO, URBANISMO, CONSERVAÇÃO DE EDIFÍCIOS HISTÓRICOS, CONSERVAÇÃO ARQUITETÓNICA, RECONSTRUÇÃO ARQUITETÓNICA, PÓS-GUERRA, PRESERVAÇÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO, CENTROS HISTÓRICOS, ESPAÇOS URBANOS, ARQUITETURA, URBANISM, HISTORIC BUILDING CONSERVATION, ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION, ARCHITECTURAL RECONSTRUCTION, POST-WAR, HERITAGE PRESERVATION, HISTORIC CENTRES, URBAN SPACES, ARCHITECTURE, SÍRIA, SYRIA