O grau histológico como fator prognóstico em tumores mamários da gata
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2018
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Os tumores da glândula mamária são a terceira neoplasia mais frequente na gata.
A incidência ocorre entre os 10 e os 12 anos, sendo o aparecimento mais comum nas raças
Domestic Short Hair e Siamês. Não existem fatores de risco claros para o desenvolvimento
dos tumores mamários felinos, no entanto, os fatores endócrinos e os fatores genéticos são
fatores a ter em conta. A sintomatologia mais frequente é o aparecimento de um ou mais
nódulos nas glândulas mamárias, de dimensões variáveis e de fácil detecção ao exame
físico. O diagnóstico é realizado através da execução do exame clínico e exames
complementares. Por sua vez, o diagnóstico definitivo é efetuado unicamente através da
análise histopatológica, permitindo assim: identificar a patologia, excluir os possíveis
diagnósticos diferenciais, classificar a neoplasia segundo o tipo histológico, emitir um
prognóstico e delinear o possível tratamento. Hoje em dia estão disponíveis alguns métodos
terapêuticos, no entanto, a cirurgia é ainda o método de eleição.
Na presente dissertação foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo observacional,
procedendo-se à análise de casos de gatas com diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasias
mamárias malignas (N=51), presentes à consulta entre 2014 e 2016 na Associação Zoófila
Portuguesa (AZP). Realizou-se a análise das fichas clínicas e dos relatórios
histopatológicos, de modo a comparar as caraterísticas clínicas e histopatológicas presentes
entre si e com a informação presente na bilbiografia encontrada.
Neste estudo, a média de idades observada em gatas com neoplasias mamárias
malignas foi de 10,8 anos, sendo a maior parte das fêmeas inteiras. O carcinoma tubulopapilar
foi o tumor mais frequentemente observado e, a maioria dos tumores mamários
apresentava-se necrosado e ulcerado, com um diâmetro entre 1 cm e 3 cm.
Em relação à metastização, esta foi observada tanto nos gânglios linfáticos (8%)
como nos pulmões (20%). Para além disso, ainda se observou uma percentagem de
recidivas de 73,5%. A grande maioria das gatas em estudo (88%) não sobreviveu depois
dos 12 meses após a realização da mastectomia.
Através da análise estatística dos resultados, observou-se uma associação
estatisticamente significativa (p=<0,05) entre o grau histológico e as seguintes variáveis:
tamanho, metástases nos gânglios linfáticos, recidivas, intervalo livre de doença e
metástases à distância.
Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in the female cat. The incidence is higher between the 10 and 12 years old cat, being more common in the Domestic Short Hair and Siamese breeds. There are no clear about risk factors for the development of feline mammary tumors, however, endocrine and genetic factors are factors to be considered. The most frequent clinical sign is the appearance of one or more nodules in the mammary glands, of various sizes and easily detected by physical examination. The initial diagnosis is made by clinical examination and complementary tests. On the other hand, the definitive diagnosis can only bem ade through histopathological analysis, allowing to identify the disease excluding other differential diagnoses, classifiy neoplasia according to the histological type, assess prognosis and help on the decision about further treatments. Nowadays, several treatment methods are available being surgery the mainstem of treatment. In the presente dissertation, it was made an observacional retrospective study, analysing histopathological samples from cats with a diagnosis of malignant mammary tumor (N=51), that have been presented to a veterinary clinic in the Associação Zoofila Portuguesa (AZP) between 2014 and 2016. The data was collected from the clinical records of the animals, including, histopathological features. In this study, the mean age observed in cats with malignant mammary tumors was 10.8 years, with the majority of females being intact females. Tubulo-papillary carcinoma was the most frequently observed histological type of tumor. At the time of diagnosis, most mammary tumors were necrotic and ulcerated, with a diameter between 1cm and 3cm. Regarding metastasis, this was observed both in the lymph nodes (8%) and in the lungs (20%) in the available records. In addition to the aforementioned, a relapse rate of 73.5% was still observed, and the great majority (88%) of the females under study did not survive 12 months after mastectomy. Statistical analysis of the results, showed a statistically significant association (p=<0,05) between the histological grade and the following variables: size, lymph node metastasis, relapses, disease-free interval, and distant metastases.
Mammary gland tumors are the most frequent neoplasm in the female cat. The incidence is higher between the 10 and 12 years old cat, being more common in the Domestic Short Hair and Siamese breeds. There are no clear about risk factors for the development of feline mammary tumors, however, endocrine and genetic factors are factors to be considered. The most frequent clinical sign is the appearance of one or more nodules in the mammary glands, of various sizes and easily detected by physical examination. The initial diagnosis is made by clinical examination and complementary tests. On the other hand, the definitive diagnosis can only bem ade through histopathological analysis, allowing to identify the disease excluding other differential diagnoses, classifiy neoplasia according to the histological type, assess prognosis and help on the decision about further treatments. Nowadays, several treatment methods are available being surgery the mainstem of treatment. In the presente dissertation, it was made an observacional retrospective study, analysing histopathological samples from cats with a diagnosis of malignant mammary tumor (N=51), that have been presented to a veterinary clinic in the Associação Zoofila Portuguesa (AZP) between 2014 and 2016. The data was collected from the clinical records of the animals, including, histopathological features. In this study, the mean age observed in cats with malignant mammary tumors was 10.8 years, with the majority of females being intact females. Tubulo-papillary carcinoma was the most frequently observed histological type of tumor. At the time of diagnosis, most mammary tumors were necrotic and ulcerated, with a diameter between 1cm and 3cm. Regarding metastasis, this was observed both in the lymph nodes (8%) and in the lungs (20%) in the available records. In addition to the aforementioned, a relapse rate of 73.5% was still observed, and the great majority (88%) of the females under study did not survive 12 months after mastectomy. Statistical analysis of the results, showed a statistically significant association (p=<0,05) between the histological grade and the following variables: size, lymph node metastasis, relapses, disease-free interval, and distant metastases.
Descrição
Orientação: Joana Tavares de
Oliveira ; co-orientação: Ana Rita Santos Serras
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, GATOS, NEOPLASIAS, PROGNÓSTICOS, METASTASES, VETERINARY MEDICINE, CATS, NEOPLASMS, PROGNOSIS, METASTASES, FELÍDEOS, GLÂNDULAS MAMÁRIAS, FELIDS, MAMMARY GLANDS, HISTOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINARY HISTOLOGY