Autovigilância e acompanhamento de diabéticos tipo 2 pelo farmacêutico comunitário
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2019
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O tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 requer que o doente adira à terapêutica farmacológica, mas também às medidas não farmacológicas, para que assim tenha um melhor controlo da doença, evitando a evolução da mesma e o aparecimento de complicações. O farmacêutico comunitário está na linha primária dos cuidados de saúde, exercendo um papel fundamental no acompanhamento e orientação ao doente diabético.
Realizou-se um estudo observacional descritivo entre 1 de Maio e 31 de Outubro de 2018 com utentes diabéticos de uma farmácia localizada no concelho de Lisboa com o objectivo de avaliar a influência de autovigilância e do acompanhamento de diabéticos em farmácia comunitária.
Constituiu-se uma amostra de conveniência e solicitou-se aos diabéticos que fossem à farmácia em três momentos, aplicando um questionário em forma de entrevista, realizando medições regulares da glicemia em jejum, avaliando a técnica de utilização do equipamento.
O estudo integrou 30 utentes maioritariamente do sexo masculino (56,7%), com predominância do grupo etário entre os 70-79 anos (30%) e escolaridade inferior ao 9º ano (60%).
A maioria dos diabéticos (53,3%) referiu não utilizar outra medida para o controlo da diabetes além da terapêutica farmacológica. A autovigilância é apenas identificada como uma medida por 10% da amostra, mas na prática é utilizada por todos sendo muito frequente para 43,3% dos doentes. Apenas 33,3% dos diabéticos realizou uma técnica sem falhas encontrando-se uma forte correlação entre a idade e a execução da técnica (ANOVA; R= -0,67; p<0,001) e também entre a escolaridade e execução da técnica (ANOVA; R=0,77; p<0,001).
Entre a visita inicial e a final os diabéticos registaram uma diminuição do valor de glicemia em média de -14,3mg/dl, contudo a variação não foi estatisticamente significativa (t=0,87 (29) p=0,39).
Salienta-se como conclusão a importância do acompanhamento frequente dos diabéticos, especialmente idosos e com nível de escolaridade mais reduzido com o objectivo de alcançar um melhor controlo dos valores de glicemia e consequentemente da patologia.
Na interacção farmacêutico-diabético deve incluir-se uma abordagem cuidada da autovigilância como uma medida não farmacológica que pode contribuir para o controlo da diabetes.
The treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus requires the patient to follow pharmacological therapy, but also the non-pharmacological approaches, in order to obtain a better control of the disease, avoiding its complications and worsening. Community pharmacist is in the primary line of health care, playing a key role in monitoring and counseling the diabetic patient. A descriptive observational study was performed, between May 1st and October 31st, 2018, with diabetic patients from a pharmacy located in the municipality of Lisbon, with the purpose of evaluating the influence of auto-vigilance and the follow-up of diabetics in community pharmacy. A convenience sample was used, and diabetics were asked to go to the pharmacy in three moments, applying a questionnaire in the form of an interview, performing regular fasting blood glucose measurements, and evaluating the equipment usage technique. The study included 30 respondents, mostly male (56.7%), with an age group predominance between 70-79 years (30%) and education level lower than the 9th grade (60%). Most diabetics (53.3%) reported that they did not use any other approaches to control diabetes besides pharmacological therapy. Self-monitoring is only identified as an approach by 10% of the sample but is used by all the respondents being “Very Frequent” in 43.3% of the patients. Only 33.3% of diabetics performed a flawless technique with a strong correlation between age and technique (ANOVA; R = -0.67; p <0.001) and between schooling and technique execution (ANOVA, R = 0.77, p <0.001). Between the initial and final visit, diabetics had a mean blood glucose decrease of -14.3mg / dl, but the variation was not statistically significant (t = 0.87 (29) p = 0.39). In conclusion, frequent follow-up of diabetics, especially the elderly and with a lower educational level, is important in order to achieve a better control of glycemic values and, therefore, of Diabetes. Pharmacist-diabetic interaction should include a careful approach to self-monitoring as a non-pharmacological measure that contributes to diabetes control.
The treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus requires the patient to follow pharmacological therapy, but also the non-pharmacological approaches, in order to obtain a better control of the disease, avoiding its complications and worsening. Community pharmacist is in the primary line of health care, playing a key role in monitoring and counseling the diabetic patient. A descriptive observational study was performed, between May 1st and October 31st, 2018, with diabetic patients from a pharmacy located in the municipality of Lisbon, with the purpose of evaluating the influence of auto-vigilance and the follow-up of diabetics in community pharmacy. A convenience sample was used, and diabetics were asked to go to the pharmacy in three moments, applying a questionnaire in the form of an interview, performing regular fasting blood glucose measurements, and evaluating the equipment usage technique. The study included 30 respondents, mostly male (56.7%), with an age group predominance between 70-79 years (30%) and education level lower than the 9th grade (60%). Most diabetics (53.3%) reported that they did not use any other approaches to control diabetes besides pharmacological therapy. Self-monitoring is only identified as an approach by 10% of the sample but is used by all the respondents being “Very Frequent” in 43.3% of the patients. Only 33.3% of diabetics performed a flawless technique with a strong correlation between age and technique (ANOVA; R = -0.67; p <0.001) and between schooling and technique execution (ANOVA, R = 0.77, p <0.001). Between the initial and final visit, diabetics had a mean blood glucose decrease of -14.3mg / dl, but the variation was not statistically significant (t = 0.87 (29) p = 0.39). In conclusion, frequent follow-up of diabetics, especially the elderly and with a lower educational level, is important in order to achieve a better control of glycemic values and, therefore, of Diabetes. Pharmacist-diabetic interaction should include a careful approach to self-monitoring as a non-pharmacological measure that contributes to diabetes control.
Descrição
Orientação: Ana Sofia
Fernandes ; co-orientação: Lígia Reis
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS, DIABETES TIPO 2, AUTOCUIDADO, CUIDADOS FARMACÊUTICOS, PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, TYPE 2 DIABETES, SELF-CARE, PHARMACEUTICAL CARE, FARMÁCIAS COMUNITÁRIAS, COMMUNITY PHARMACIES