Pedra na arquitetura
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Data
2019
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A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar a utilização da Pedra. Ao longo dos tempos a Pedra tem tido um papel predominante na construção de edifícios. Pretende-se com esta dissertação perceber como evoluiu a sua utilização, desde as construções mais primitivas em que assumia um papel mais estrutural até aos dias de hoje com uma utilização mais diversa.
A dissertação dividir-se-á em três partes diferentes, incidindo cada uma delas sobre aspetos de grande relevância para o projeto.
No Primeiro Capítulo será realizada uma análise das marcas deixadas de cada civilização passados tantos anos, podendo-se verificar que os princípios básicos são os mesmos.
Será também exposta a vasta variedade de Pedra, e tonalidades, como o Granito, o Basalto, o Calcário, o Mármore e o Xisto, mas salientar a Pedra de Granito. Os primeiros métodos de extração implicavam um enorme desgaste físico, eram retirados e manuseados á mão, ou melhor, com recurso a ferramentas manuais.
É de salientar que a dissertação tem como referência o Arquiteto Eduardo Souto de Moura e que serão analisadas algumas das suas obras. O Arquiteto Eduardo Souto de Moura procura a história dos locais onde projeta.
O Arquiteto Eduardo Souto de Moura ao longo do seu percurso interessa-se pela obra de Mies Van der Rohe, Shinkel, Frank Lloyd Wright, Adolf Loos, Carlos Scarpa, Aldo Rossi, Luís Barragán, de Grassi, pelos portugueses Fernando Távora e Siza Vieira, mas também pela Arquitetura Suíça, utilizando a tecnologia e os materiais de qualidade sem esquecer a cultura própria e tradicional.
O Arquiteto Eduardo Souto de Moura expressa a sua arquitetura moderna, mas tem em consideração a história, o local, as proximidades, as pessoas, os materiais, desenha o local e estuda-o, para que o possa entender e para o melhorar.
O Segundo Capítulo tem como objetivo o estudo de quatro casos de estudo. O arquiteto encontra na Pedra a inspiração para as suas obras. No caso da Pousada de Santa Maria do Bouro, a Pedra é herdada, porém manipula-o para construir a pousada, e
utiliza o mármore que usa para fazer os degraus. Na Casa em Moledo o Arquiteto encontra a Pedra no local onde vais nascer a obra a Pedra, transformando-a em parte integrante da sua obra
No Espaço Miguel Torga utiliza o Xisto que era apelidado de frágil e pobre, pelo que podemos dizer que este material foi reinventado pelo Arquiteto.
Na Torre do Burgo, Souto Moura procura seguir a ideia do Movimento Moderno, assume o metal como elemento estrutural, o vidro e o granito compõe a fachada como revestimento.
São este tipo de pormenores que distingue a boa da má Arquitetura.
Como será referido o Arquiteto Eduardo Souto de Moura utiliza a Pedra com bastante frequência nas suas obras, e da forma como entende e adapta vários métodos construtivos há sua interpretação, alguns que se mantêm outros evoluíram e são hoje uma inovação da Arquitetura.
No Terceiro Capítulo será analisado o Projeto desenvolvido na disciplina de Projeto V, a analise do conjunto projetado quer na volumetria dos vários edifícios, Museu, Biblioteca, Ateliers e no edifício de Reabilitação a Cafetaria e Restaurante, quer na relação com a rua.
Serão referidas as várias propostas realizadas ao longo do ano longo, refletindo sobre os fatores que conduziram às diversas transformações entre cada proposta de implantação. Realizada a análise da implantação, procede-se depois à descrição e explicação da organização do Interior do Museu e dos respetivos pisos.
Neste Capítulo também será referido como é constituída a Fachada do edifício e o seu método de aplicação.
Terminando com a Conclusão, refletindo sobre o trabalho desenvolvido.
The main objective of this dissertation is to study the use of stone. Over time stone has played a predominant role in building construction. It is intended with this dissertation to understand how its use evolved, starting from the most primitive constructions in which it assumed a more structural role to the present day with a more diverse use. The dissertation will be divided into three different parts, each focusing on aspects of great relevance to the project. In the First Chapter will be made an analysis of the marks left of each civilization after so many years, in which we can see that the basic principles are the same. It will also be exhibited the wide variety of stone, and shades such as Granite, Basalt, Limestone, Marble and Shale, but focusing more on the granite stone. The first extraction methods implied enormous physical wear, because they were removed and handled by hand, or rather using manual tools. It should be noted that the dissertation refers to the architect Eduardo Souto de Moura and that some of his works will be analyzed. The architect Eduardo Souto de Moura looks for the history of the places where he projects. Eduardo Souto de Moura along his journey got interested in the work of architects like Mies Van der Rohe, Shinkel, Frank Lloyd Wright, Adolf Loos, Carlos Scarpa, Aldo Rossi, Luís Barragán, grassi, and by the portuguese architects Fernando Távora and Siza Vieira, but also by the Swiss architecture, in which they used quality technology and materials without forgetting its own traditional culture. The architect Eduardo Souto de Moura expresses its modern architecture, but considers the history, the place, the nearby, people, the materials, and designs the place and studies it, so that you can understand it and to improve it. The Second Chapter focuses on the analysis of four study cases. The architect finds in the Stone the inspiration for his works. In the case of Pousada de Santa Maria do Bouro, the stone is inherited, but he manipulates it to build the inn, and uses the marble to make the steps. In the Casa em Moledo the architect finds the stone in the place where the work will be born, transforming it into an integral part of his work In Espaço Miguel Torga the architect uses the shale that was nicknamed fragile and poor, so we can say that this material was reinvented by the architect. In Torre do Burgo, Souto Moura seeks to follow the idea of the Modern Movement, assumes the metal as a structural element, glass and granite composes the façade as a coating. These are the kind of details that distinguish the good from the bad architecture. As will be mentioned the Architect Eduardo Souto de Moura uses the stone quite often in his works, and the way he understands and adapts various constructive methods to his interpretation, some that remain and others that have evolved and are today an innovation of the architecture. In the Third Chapter there will be an analysis of the Project developed in the discipline of Project V, the analysis of the set designed both in the volume of the various buildings, Museum, Library, Ateliers and in the Rehabilitation building the Cafeteria and Restaurant, or in the relationship with the street. The various proposals made over the course of the year will be mentioned, reflecting on the factors that led to the various transformations between each implementation proposal. After the implementation analysis, the description and explanation of the organization of the Interior of the Museum and its floors is carried out. In this Chapter will also be referred how the Façade of the building is made and its method of application. The dissertation ends with the Conclusion, reflecting on the work developed.
The main objective of this dissertation is to study the use of stone. Over time stone has played a predominant role in building construction. It is intended with this dissertation to understand how its use evolved, starting from the most primitive constructions in which it assumed a more structural role to the present day with a more diverse use. The dissertation will be divided into three different parts, each focusing on aspects of great relevance to the project. In the First Chapter will be made an analysis of the marks left of each civilization after so many years, in which we can see that the basic principles are the same. It will also be exhibited the wide variety of stone, and shades such as Granite, Basalt, Limestone, Marble and Shale, but focusing more on the granite stone. The first extraction methods implied enormous physical wear, because they were removed and handled by hand, or rather using manual tools. It should be noted that the dissertation refers to the architect Eduardo Souto de Moura and that some of his works will be analyzed. The architect Eduardo Souto de Moura looks for the history of the places where he projects. Eduardo Souto de Moura along his journey got interested in the work of architects like Mies Van der Rohe, Shinkel, Frank Lloyd Wright, Adolf Loos, Carlos Scarpa, Aldo Rossi, Luís Barragán, grassi, and by the portuguese architects Fernando Távora and Siza Vieira, but also by the Swiss architecture, in which they used quality technology and materials without forgetting its own traditional culture. The architect Eduardo Souto de Moura expresses its modern architecture, but considers the history, the place, the nearby, people, the materials, and designs the place and studies it, so that you can understand it and to improve it. The Second Chapter focuses on the analysis of four study cases. The architect finds in the Stone the inspiration for his works. In the case of Pousada de Santa Maria do Bouro, the stone is inherited, but he manipulates it to build the inn, and uses the marble to make the steps. In the Casa em Moledo the architect finds the stone in the place where the work will be born, transforming it into an integral part of his work In Espaço Miguel Torga the architect uses the shale that was nicknamed fragile and poor, so we can say that this material was reinvented by the architect. In Torre do Burgo, Souto Moura seeks to follow the idea of the Modern Movement, assumes the metal as a structural element, glass and granite composes the façade as a coating. These are the kind of details that distinguish the good from the bad architecture. As will be mentioned the Architect Eduardo Souto de Moura uses the stone quite often in his works, and the way he understands and adapts various constructive methods to his interpretation, some that remain and others that have evolved and are today an innovation of the architecture. In the Third Chapter there will be an analysis of the Project developed in the discipline of Project V, the analysis of the set designed both in the volume of the various buildings, Museum, Library, Ateliers and in the Rehabilitation building the Cafeteria and Restaurant, or in the relationship with the street. The various proposals made over the course of the year will be mentioned, reflecting on the factors that led to the various transformations between each implementation proposal. After the implementation analysis, the description and explanation of the organization of the Interior of the Museum and its floors is carried out. In this Chapter will also be referred how the Façade of the building is made and its method of application. The dissertation ends with the Conclusion, reflecting on the work developed.
Descrição
Orientação: João Nuno Pinto Bastos Moreira Gomes
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM ARQUITETURA, ARQUITETURA, PEDRA, MATERIAIS DE CONSTRUÇÃO, CONSTRUÇÃO, TÉCNICAS DE CONSTRUÇÃO, ARCHITECTURE, STONE, BUILDING MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES, MOURA, EDUARDO SOUTO DE