Os media e a sua relação com os objetivos e motivações para o exercício e a imagem corporal
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Data
2022
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Objetivo: Analisar o impacto dos media e a sua relação com os objetivos e motivações para o exercício e a imagem corporal.
Método: Numa primeira fase foi elaborada uma revisão rápida e sistemática de literatura com base em estudos experimentais e observacionais que analisou a relação da exposição dos indivíduos ao conteúdo fitspiration com a imagem corporal e variáveis associadas (e.g. tendência de comparação de aparência e humor). A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed e PsycINFO, e teve como referência o modelo PICOS. Realizou-se uma pesquisa dos estudos publicados entre Janeiro de 2000 e Fevereiro de 2021. Na segunda fase foi elaborado um estudo observacional transversal, integrado na fase piloto do projeto LUSÓFONAtiva, em estudantes do Ensino Superior (n=326). A exposição, literacia e pressão dos media, objetivo e motivações para a prática de exercício e imagem corporal foram avaliadas através de questionário online na plataforma Qualtrics. Conduziram-se análises de correlação de Spearman.
Resultados: Na revisão rápida sistemática de literatura foram incluídos 9 artigos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados demonstraram que a exposição à “fitspiration” levou a um aumento da insatisfação corporal, do humor geral negativo e da tendência de comparação de aparência entre os indivíduos. No estudo empírico, a literacia dos media associou-se a uma menor internalização do ideal de corpo atlético. A pressão dos media associou-se positivamente aos objetivos extrínsecos para o exercício, às motivações controladas para o exercício, a uma maior internalização do ideal de corpo atlético e a uma imagem corporal negativa. A literacia e a pressão dos media não se associaram com o tempo nas redes sociais e tempo de exposição aos ecrãs.
Conclusões: A fitspiration é vista como uma nova e prolífica tendência a nível digital, realçada como benéfica para a saúde. No entanto, está associada a uma imagem corporal negativa, especialmente nas populações mais jovens que se encontram mais expostas a este conteúdo. Uma maior literacia dos media poderá ser protetora, ao atenuar o efeito negativo da pressão dos media para alcançar os ideais de corpo atlético, nomeadamente sobre a internalização destes ideais corporais. É necessária uma maior compreensão dos efeitos destes novos fenómenos mediáticos, bem como das relações entre os construtos em análise.
Aim: Analyze the relationship between media and goals and motivations for exercise and body image. Method: In the first phase, a rapid systematic literature review was prepared based on experimental and observational studies that examined the relationship between individuals' exposure to fitspiration content and body image and associated variables (e.g. appearance comparison tendency and mood). The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO and was based on the PICOS model. A research was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and February 2021. In the second phase, a cross-sectional observational study involving higher education students (n=326) was conducted as part of the pilot phase of the LUSÓFONAtiva project. Media exposure, media literacy and pressure, goals and motivations for exercise, and body image were assessed using an online questionnaire on the Qualtrics platform. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted. Results: In the systematic review, nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Results showed that exposure to "fitspiration" increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood, and the tendency to compare appearance among individuals. In the cross-sectional observational study, media literacy was associated with lower internalization of the athletic body ideal. Media pressure was positively associated with extrinsic exercise goals, controlled exercise motivations, internalization of the athletic body ideal, and negative body image. Media literacy and media pressure were not associated with time on social media and exposure to screens. Conclusions: Fitspiration has been seen as a new and prolific digital trend, considered beneficial for health. However, it is associated with negative body image, especially in younger populations that are more exposed to this content. Increased media literacy may be protective by mitigating the negative effect of media pressure to achieve athletic body ideals, particularly by reducing the internalization of these body ideals. A better understanding is needed of the effects of these new media phenomena, as well as the relationships between the constructs under analysis.
Aim: Analyze the relationship between media and goals and motivations for exercise and body image. Method: In the first phase, a rapid systematic literature review was prepared based on experimental and observational studies that examined the relationship between individuals' exposure to fitspiration content and body image and associated variables (e.g. appearance comparison tendency and mood). The search was conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO and was based on the PICOS model. A research was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and February 2021. In the second phase, a cross-sectional observational study involving higher education students (n=326) was conducted as part of the pilot phase of the LUSÓFONAtiva project. Media exposure, media literacy and pressure, goals and motivations for exercise, and body image were assessed using an online questionnaire on the Qualtrics platform. Spearman correlation analyses were conducted. Results: In the systematic review, nine articles met the eligibility criteria and were included. Results showed that exposure to "fitspiration" increased body dissatisfaction, negative mood, and the tendency to compare appearance among individuals. In the cross-sectional observational study, media literacy was associated with lower internalization of the athletic body ideal. Media pressure was positively associated with extrinsic exercise goals, controlled exercise motivations, internalization of the athletic body ideal, and negative body image. Media literacy and media pressure were not associated with time on social media and exposure to screens. Conclusions: Fitspiration has been seen as a new and prolific digital trend, considered beneficial for health. However, it is associated with negative body image, especially in younger populations that are more exposed to this content. Increased media literacy may be protective by mitigating the negative effect of media pressure to achieve athletic body ideals, particularly by reducing the internalization of these body ideals. A better understanding is needed of the effects of these new media phenomena, as well as the relationships between the constructs under analysis.
Descrição
Orientação: Eliana Cristina Veiga Carraça ; coorientação: Marlene Nunes Silva
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, DESPORTO, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, IMAGEM CORPORAL, EDUCAÇÃO PARA OS MEDIA, MOTIVAÇÃO, PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORT, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, BODY IMAGE, MEDIA EDUCATION, MOTIVATION, FITSPIRATION, TEORIA DA AUTODETERMINAÇÃO, SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY, PRESSÃO DOS MEIOS DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL, MEDIA PRESSURE