Estudo comparativo entre jovens obesos e não obesos relativamente aos hábitos alimentares e à prática de exercício físico
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2011
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Introdução: A obesidade caracteriza-se por sucessivos balanços energéticos positivos, em que a quantidade de energia ingerida é superior à quantidade de energia gasta pelo organismo. O objectivo deste estudo foi analisar a influência da composição da dieta (nomeadamente o valor calórico total e a percentagem de macronutrientes) e do dispêndio energético no desenvolvimento de excesso de peso.
Método: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal em que foi analisada uma amostra de 66 jovens da região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, entre os 17 e os 29 anos, 81,8% do sexo feminino. Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados através do inquérito alimentar de 24 horas e os hábitos de exercício físico através de uma entrevista. A análise descritiva consistiu no cálculo das frequências para as variáveis relativas ao estado nutricional e nível de exercício físico. A análise inferencial foi realizada com recurso ao Teste t (Mann-Whitney), para comparação de médias das variáveis peso, indicadores de composição corporal, hábitos alimentares e exercício físico, entre as jovens distribuídas por idades e por IMC. A associação entre estas variáveis foi avaliada através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson.
Resultados: A incidência de excesso de peso nesta população situou-se nos 48,4%, dos quais 24,2% corresponderam a obesidade. Observou-se que 36,3% dos jovens não praticavam qualquer tipo de exercício físico. Após distribuição das jovens do sexo feminino por idades, verificou-se que não houve alterações significativas dos hábitos alimentares e de exercício físico com o avançar da idade. A ingestão calórica e de hidratos de carbono estava positiva, moderada e significativamente correlacionada com o IMC, massa gorda e perímetro abdominal. O consumo de hidratos de carbono complexos estava negativa, moderada e significativamente correlacionado com todos os indicadores de composição corporal. A ingestão de proteínas e de gordura apresentou uma associação positiva, moderada e significativa com a massa gorda. O consumo de gordura saturada e o dispêndio energético não apresentaram nenhuma correlação com os indicadores de composição corporal.
Conclusão: O excesso de peso deveu-se principalmente a uma ingestão calórica excessiva, a partir de um consumo em excesso de hidratos de carbono simples em detrimento dos complexos e a partir da ingestão de alimentos proteicos com elevadas quantidades de gordura. O consumo de gordura e a prática de exercício físico não constituíram factores explicativos do excesso de peso.
Introduction: Obesity is characterized by successive positive energy balance, where energy intake exceeds the energy expended by the body. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of diet composition (including the caloric intake and the percentage of macronutrients) and energy expenditure in the development of overweight. Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed a sample of 66 young people from the region of Lisbon, between 17 and 29 years, 81.8% were female. Dietary habits were assessed by 24 hours-recall and habits of physical exercise through an interview. The descriptive analysis consisted on calculating frequencies for nutritional status and level of physical exercise. The inferential analysis was performed using the t-test (Mann-Whitney) to compare means of the body composition indicators, dietary habits and physical exercise among young women distributed by age and BMI. The association between these variables was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The incidence of overweight stands at 48.4%, of which 24.2% were obese. It was observed that 36.3% of young people did not practice any physical exercise. After distribution of young females by age, it appears that there were no significant changes in eating habits and physical exercise with advancing age. The energy intake and carbohydrate consumption were positive, moderate and significantly correlated with BMI, body fat and waist circumference. The consumption of complex carbohydrates was negative, moderate and significantly correlated with all body composition indicators. The intake of protein and fat had a positive, moderate and significant association with body fat. The consumption of saturated fat and energy expenditure hadn‟t presented any correlation with body composition indicators. Conclusion: Overweight was mainly due to an excessive energy intake, from an excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates at the expense of complex and from the intake of protein foods with high amounts of fat. The fat intake and physical exercise were not explicative factors of overweight.
Introduction: Obesity is characterized by successive positive energy balance, where energy intake exceeds the energy expended by the body. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of diet composition (including the caloric intake and the percentage of macronutrients) and energy expenditure in the development of overweight. Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed a sample of 66 young people from the region of Lisbon, between 17 and 29 years, 81.8% were female. Dietary habits were assessed by 24 hours-recall and habits of physical exercise through an interview. The descriptive analysis consisted on calculating frequencies for nutritional status and level of physical exercise. The inferential analysis was performed using the t-test (Mann-Whitney) to compare means of the body composition indicators, dietary habits and physical exercise among young women distributed by age and BMI. The association between these variables was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The incidence of overweight stands at 48.4%, of which 24.2% were obese. It was observed that 36.3% of young people did not practice any physical exercise. After distribution of young females by age, it appears that there were no significant changes in eating habits and physical exercise with advancing age. The energy intake and carbohydrate consumption were positive, moderate and significantly correlated with BMI, body fat and waist circumference. The consumption of complex carbohydrates was negative, moderate and significantly correlated with all body composition indicators. The intake of protein and fat had a positive, moderate and significant association with body fat. The consumption of saturated fat and energy expenditure hadn‟t presented any correlation with body composition indicators. Conclusion: Overweight was mainly due to an excessive energy intake, from an excessive consumption of simple carbohydrates at the expense of complex and from the intake of protein foods with high amounts of fat. The fat intake and physical exercise were not explicative factors of overweight.
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Orientação: Ricardo Silvestre
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DESPORTO, EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA, EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO, HÁBITOS ALIMENTARES, JOVENS, OBESIDADE, SPORT, PHYSICAL EXERCISE, EATING HABITS, YOUNG PEOPLE, OBESITY, DIETA ALIMENTAR, DIET, MESTRADO EM EXERCÍCIO E BEM-ESTAR