Avaliação do impacto da cirurgia e anestesia nos rácios neutrófilo/linfócito e plaqueta/linfócito e a sua utilização como fator de prognóstico nos cães com tumores submetidos a cirurgias abdominais complexas (Estudo Preliminar)
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2025
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A cirurgia provoca um processo inflamatório agudo, seja por resposta ao stress seja por complicações provenientes desta, e pode ocorrer, mesmo com todas as regras da medicina peri operatória preventiva, a partir do início do período pós-operatório. A resposta do animal pode ser parcialmente avaliada através de alguns biomarcadores, tais como o rácio neutrófilo/linfócito (NLR) e o rácio plaqueta/linfócito (PLR), uma vez que são indicadores de inflamação sistémica em cães com neoplasia. Esta dissertação foi realizada no âmbito da conclusão do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Lusófona e teve como objetivo estudar o impacto da cirurgia e da anestesia nos rácios plaqueta/linfócito e neutrófilo/linfócito e a sua utilização como fator de prognóstico em cães com tumores. Para tal, e durante o período de estágio, a todos os canídeos doentes oncológicos e submetidos a cirurgias abdominais complexas, com duração superior a 60 minutos, foram feitas 3 colheitas de sangue, sempre na veia jugular. A primeira recolha, durante a consulta pré-anestésica, a segunda recolha, duas horas após a cirurgia, e a terceira recolha 48 horas após a cirurgia. Houve um total de 10 indivíduos que entraram no estudo. A amostra foi caracterizada com base na raça, género, idade e tipo de cirurgia, e os resultados foram posteriormente comparados. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os três momentos de estudo. O estudo visa reforçar o potencial de utilização dos rácios NLR e PLR como ferramentas de prognóstico. Concluiu-se que a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos três momentos estudados poderá ser um fator de prognóstico positivo aos 6 meses após a cirurgia, com 80% da amostra viva. No entanto, e devido à baixa quantidade de indivíduos que compõem a amostra, são sugeridos novos estudos mais abrangentes de forma a validar a associação dos rácios NLR e PLR no prognóstico em doentes oncológicos submetidos a cirurgias abdominais complexas de forma fidedigna.
Surgery induces an acute inflammatory process, either due to the stress response or complications arising from it and can occur even with all preventive perioperative medical rules, starting from the post-operative period. The animal's response can be partially assessed through certain biomarkers, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as they are indicators of systemic inflammation in dogs with neoplasia. This dissertation was carried out as part of the completion of the Integrated master’s degree in veterinary medicine at the Universidade Lusófona, and its objective was to study the impact of surgery and anaesthesia on the platelet/lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and their use as prognostic factors in dogs with tumours. To this end, during the internship period, all oncological dogs undergoing complex abdominal surgeries lasting longer than 60 minutes were subjected to 3 blood collections, always from the jugular vein. The first collection was made during the pre-anaesthetic consultation, the second collection two hours after surgery, and the third collection 48 hours after surgery. A total of 10 individuals entered the study. The sample was characterized based on breed, gender, age, and type of surgery, and the results were subsequently compared. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three study moments. The study aims to reinforce the potential use of the NLR and PLR ratios as prognostic tools. It was concluded that the absence of statistically significant differences in the three studied moments could be a positive prognostic factor for 6 months after surgery, with 80% of the sample still alive. However, due to the small number of individuals in the sample, further and more extensive studies are suggested to reliably validate the association of NLR and PLR ratios in the prognosis of oncological patients undergoing complex abdominal surgeries.
Surgery induces an acute inflammatory process, either due to the stress response or complications arising from it and can occur even with all preventive perioperative medical rules, starting from the post-operative period. The animal's response can be partially assessed through certain biomarkers, such as the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as they are indicators of systemic inflammation in dogs with neoplasia. This dissertation was carried out as part of the completion of the Integrated master’s degree in veterinary medicine at the Universidade Lusófona, and its objective was to study the impact of surgery and anaesthesia on the platelet/lymphocyte and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios and their use as prognostic factors in dogs with tumours. To this end, during the internship period, all oncological dogs undergoing complex abdominal surgeries lasting longer than 60 minutes were subjected to 3 blood collections, always from the jugular vein. The first collection was made during the pre-anaesthetic consultation, the second collection two hours after surgery, and the third collection 48 hours after surgery. A total of 10 individuals entered the study. The sample was characterized based on breed, gender, age, and type of surgery, and the results were subsequently compared. No statistically significant differences were observed between the three study moments. The study aims to reinforce the potential use of the NLR and PLR ratios as prognostic tools. It was concluded that the absence of statistically significant differences in the three studied moments could be a positive prognostic factor for 6 months after surgery, with 80% of the sample still alive. However, due to the small number of individuals in the sample, further and more extensive studies are suggested to reliably validate the association of NLR and PLR ratios in the prognosis of oncological patients undergoing complex abdominal surgeries.
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VETERINARY MEDICINE, BLOOD PLATELETS, LYMPHOCYTES, VETERINARY ONCOLOGY, SURGERIES, INFLAMMATION, PROGNOSIS, DOGS, BIOMARKERS, MESTRADO INTEGRADO EM MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, VETERINÁRIA, MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA, PLAQUETAS SANGUÍNEAS, LINFÓCITOS, ONCOLOGIA VETERINÁRIA, CIRURGIAS, INFLAMAÇÕES, PROGNÓSTICOS, CÃES, BIOMARCADORES