Evasão escolar na EJA: estigma ou desafio das escolas públicas?
Miniatura indisponível
Ficheiros
Data
2016
Autores
Título da revista
ISSN da revista
Título do Volume
Editora
Resumo
Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados da pesquisa que pretendeu conhecer os
principais causadores da infrequência e posterior evasão escolar na Educação de Jovens e
Adultos no município de São Gonçalo (RJ) e também, as estratégias implementadas por duas
escolas dessa rede no enfrentamento do problema. Buscou-se investigar os seguintes fatores
geradores da evasão: o modelo de educação que privilegia a mera recepção de conteúdos, o
currículo desassociado da realidade do alunado adulto, a avaliação (prova) como único meio,
classificatório e excludente, além da questão relativa ao horário de ocupação profissional que
incide sob o horário escolar de EJA. Como pano de fundo, procurou-se ainda conhecer o
envolvimento não só dos educadores, mas de toda a comunidade escolar, no desenvolvimento
de relações interpessoais que possibilitam a criação de vínculos de amizade e respeito mútuo
entre os envolvidos no processo educativo, de tal forma que, vêm contribuindo de maneira
relevante e perceptível para a permanência de diversos alunos adultos do ensino noturno, do
início ao término do curso, nas Unidades escolares investigadas. A pesquisa empírica
desenvolvida, de cunho qualitativo e exploratório, utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas,
questionário e levantamento de dados estatísticos da evasão nos anos de 2012-2013, junto às
secretarias das escolas e à Secretaria Municipal de São Gonçalo. A amostra consistiu em um
total de 11 entrevistas (7 alunos evadidos, 3 professoras e 1 coordenadora geral da EJA do
município referido) e aplicação de questionário a 180 alunos frequentadores da EJA. Não
surgiu qualquer pretensão de se alcançar proporcionalidade na amostra, mas sim, fazer um
recorte do campo educacional brasileiro, a fim de levantar elementos qualitativos que
fundamente a discussão do tema, compondo um rol de matrizes representacionais e
explicativas desse fenômeno social. Ao proceder á análise dos dados, conjugou-se as
perspectivas teóricas com os dados da pesquisa.
Os resultados desse estudo mostram que há algumas falhas por parte dos
administradores municipais e das instituições de ensino pesquisadas, no sentido de formular
estratégias para a erradicação da evasão escolar, ou pelo menos, a diminuição do fenômeno.
Percebe-se pouca preocupação e engajamento dos gestores responsáveis em buscar soluções
para a questão. Torna-se necessário reavaliar todas as estratégias (ações) desenvolvidas até
aqui, mantendo as que estão dando certo e planejando novas no sentido de enfrentar o
problema, uma vez que, essas ações não tem sido eficazes, pois a cada ano o fenômeno se
repete. O estudo aponta que os principais motivos de contribuição para a manutenção deste
fenômeno são: exclusão na escola, inadequação do sistema de ensino e fenômeno político
macrossocial, por exemplo, a pressão do trabalho sobre os alunos. Os profissionais de
educação sinalizam que a “resolução” do problema depende, ainda, de aspectos ligados à
política de educação em sentido local e geral.
This thesis presents the results of research that sought to know the main causes of the infrequency and subsequent truancy in Youth and Adult Education in São Gonçalo (RJ) and also the strategies implemented by two schools of this network in addressing the problem. We sought to investigate the following factors causing the evasion: the education model that favors the mere reception of content, the disfellowshipped resume the reality of adult student body, the assessment ( test ) as the only way, qualifying and exclusionary, beyond the question concerning the occupation schedule that focuses on school hours of adult education. As background, we tried to even know the involvement not only of education, but of the whole school community in the development of interpersonal relationships that make it possible to create bonds of friendship and mutual respect among those involved in the educational process, so that have contributed in a relevant and noticeable way to the permanence of many adult students of evening classes, from beginning to end of the course, the school investigated units. Empirical research developed, qualitative and exploratory , we used semi-structured interviews , questionnaire and survey statistics evasion in the years 2012-2013, together with the secretariats of the schools and of the City of São Gonçalo . The sample consisted of a total of 11 interviews (7 dropout students, 3 teachers and 1 general coordinator of adult education in the city above) and a questionnaire to 180 students of the EJA goers. It did not arise any pretense to achieve proportionality in the sample, but rather, make an indentation of the Brazilian educational field in order to raise qualitative elements justifying the theme of the discussion, composing a list of representational and explanatory headquarters of this social phenomenon. By proceeding with data analysis, we have combined the theoretical perspectives with the survey data. The results of this study show that there are some flaws by municipal administrators and researched educational institutions, to formulate strategies for the eradication of truancy, or at least the reduction of the phenomenon. One sees little concern and commitment of responsible managers in seeking solutions to the issue. It becomes necessary to reassess all strategies (actions) undertaken thus far, keeping those working and planning new to tackling the problem, since these actions have not been effective because each year the phenomenon is repeated. The study shows that the main contributions of reasons for maintaining this phenomenon are: exclusion from school, inadequate education system and macro- political phenomenon, for example, the work pressure on students. The signal education professionals that the "resolution" of the problem also depends on aspects related to education policy in local and general sense.
This thesis presents the results of research that sought to know the main causes of the infrequency and subsequent truancy in Youth and Adult Education in São Gonçalo (RJ) and also the strategies implemented by two schools of this network in addressing the problem. We sought to investigate the following factors causing the evasion: the education model that favors the mere reception of content, the disfellowshipped resume the reality of adult student body, the assessment ( test ) as the only way, qualifying and exclusionary, beyond the question concerning the occupation schedule that focuses on school hours of adult education. As background, we tried to even know the involvement not only of education, but of the whole school community in the development of interpersonal relationships that make it possible to create bonds of friendship and mutual respect among those involved in the educational process, so that have contributed in a relevant and noticeable way to the permanence of many adult students of evening classes, from beginning to end of the course, the school investigated units. Empirical research developed, qualitative and exploratory , we used semi-structured interviews , questionnaire and survey statistics evasion in the years 2012-2013, together with the secretariats of the schools and of the City of São Gonçalo . The sample consisted of a total of 11 interviews (7 dropout students, 3 teachers and 1 general coordinator of adult education in the city above) and a questionnaire to 180 students of the EJA goers. It did not arise any pretense to achieve proportionality in the sample, but rather, make an indentation of the Brazilian educational field in order to raise qualitative elements justifying the theme of the discussion, composing a list of representational and explanatory headquarters of this social phenomenon. By proceeding with data analysis, we have combined the theoretical perspectives with the survey data. The results of this study show that there are some flaws by municipal administrators and researched educational institutions, to formulate strategies for the eradication of truancy, or at least the reduction of the phenomenon. One sees little concern and commitment of responsible managers in seeking solutions to the issue. It becomes necessary to reassess all strategies (actions) undertaken thus far, keeping those working and planning new to tackling the problem, since these actions have not been effective because each year the phenomenon is repeated. The study shows that the main contributions of reasons for maintaining this phenomenon are: exclusion from school, inadequate education system and macro- political phenomenon, for example, the work pressure on students. The signal education professionals that the "resolution" of the problem also depends on aspects related to education policy in local and general sense.
Descrição
Orientação: Artur Marecos Parreira ; co-orientação: Óscar Conçeição de Sousa
Palavras-chave
MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO, EDUCAÇÃO DE ADULTOS, ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS, ABANDONO ESCOLAR, ESTUDOS DE CASO, BRASIL, SÃO GONÇALO, EDUCATION, ADULT EDUCATION, STATE SCHOOLS, DROPPING OUT, CASE STUDIES, BRAZIL, SÃO GONÇALO