Performance analysis of optical wireless communication system
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2025
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A Comunicação Ótica Sem Fios (Optical Wireless Communication, (OWC)) tem recentemente atraído um interesse significativo para a transferência de dados em tempo real em várias aplicações terrestres e subaquáticas, devido à sua largura de banda ampla, elevadas taxas de dados, baixa latência e eficiência em termos de segurança, recolha de energia (Energy Harvesting, (EH)), e rentabilidade. Apesar destas vantagens, a comunicação ótica é significativamente afetada por absorção, dispersão e efeitos fortes de turbulência em diversos canais, o que leva à cintilação ótica e perturba a comunicação entre nós conectados. Esta tese apresenta novos modelos matemáticos e ferramentas de software projetadas para melhorar a eficiência espectral e a fiabilidade das comunicações. São investigadas métricas de desempenho dos modelos de sistema propostos que visam aumentar a taxa de dados e o débito, considerando turbulência ótica de moderada a forte entre transceptores sob diversas condições de canal. Os sistemas OWC tiram partido de tecnologias óticas avançadas para monitorização em tempo real e comunicação contínua, em direção a redes sem fios avançadas. Estes sistemas suportam Comunicações Ultra-Fiáveis e de Baixa Latência (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications, (URLLC), maior capacidade de rede e taxas de dados elevadas. Portanto, a comunicação ótica no espectro de luz visível abriu novas portas para explorar meios não guiados, tais como desastres naturais devastadores como incêndios florestais e oceanos profundos, através da Internet das Coisas Subaquáticas (Internet of Underwater Things, (IoUTs)). Adicionalmente, esta tese visa avaliar vários arranjos de transmissão ótica para mitigar fenómenos de forte turbulência e desalinhamento entre nós de comunicação. É projetado um modelo de comunicação com Veículos Autónomos Subaquáticos (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, (AUV)) equipado com comunicação ótica em cenários reais com água oceânica mista, em várias camadas verticais. Além disso, o desenho proposto introduz um sistema híbrido genérico de Ótica no Espaço Livre (Free Space Optics, (FSO)) e Comunicação por Luz Visível (Visible Light Communication, (VLC)) para comunicação subaquática, ampliando as capacidades das comunicações sem fios baseadas em ótica. Este sistema é concebido para facilitar a comunicação fiável de longo alcance em meios aquáticos. Para além disso, é estudada uma configuração de Redes de Sensores Sem Fios (Wireless Sensor Networks, (WSNs)) assistidas por Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, (UAV)) para comunicação em incêndios florestais, visando redes 5G e posteriores (5GB), com base em dados experimentais em tempo real. Destaca-se que a distribuição Gamma- Gamma (GG) unificada oferece uma solução promissora para modelar turbulência ótica e é avaliada para satisfazer os atuais requisitos de comunicação em canais adversos. Esta tese avalia os efeitos dos prejuízos óticos caracterizados por múltiplos transceptores na comunicação durante incêndios florestais, IoUTs e comunicação em diferentes camadas verticais aquáticas, através da metodologia de simulação de Monte Carlo (MC). Prevê-se que os resultados aprofundem o entendimento sobre comunicação ótica em diversos sistemas sem fios, incluindo redes WSN assistidas por UAVs e AUVs. Esta tese pretende colmatar a lacuna existente entre as abordagens atuais da Internet das Coisas (Internet of Things, (IoT)) baseadas em comunicações óticas e as infraestruturas de comunicação existentes, descrevendo ainda trabalhos futuros para melhorar a comunicação ótica híbrida para otimizar conectividade de rede, localização, recolha de energia ótica (EH ótica) e comunicação assistida por superfícies inteligentes reconfiguráveis (Re-Configurable Intelligent Surfaces, (RIS)) através de UAV e AUV.
Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) has recently drawn significant interest for real-time data transfer in various terrestrial and underwater applications due to their broad bandwidth, high data rates, low latency, and efficiency in terms of security, Energy Harvesting (EH), and cost efficiency. Despite these advantages, the optical communication is impaired by absorption, scattering, and strong turbulence effects in various channels, which lead to optical scintillation and disrupt communication between connecting nodes. This thesis presents novel mathematical models and software tools designed to improve spectral efficiency and communication reliability. It investigates the performance metrics of the proposed system models are designed to improve data rate and throughput while accounting for moderate to strong optical turbulence between transceivers under diverse channel conditions. The OWC systems leverage advanced optical technologies for real-time monitoring and seamless communication towards advanced wireless networks. These systems support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), increased network capacity, and high data rates. Therefore, the optical communication in term of visible light spectrum has opened new doors to explore unguided mediums such as devastating natural wildfire disasters and deep oceans through the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs). Additionally, this thesis aims to evaluate various optical transmission arrangements to mitigate strong turbulence and misalignment phenomena amongst communication nodes. An optical-enabled Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) communication model is designed in mixed ocean water within varying vertical layers in real-time scenarios. Also, the proposed design introduces a generic hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) system for underwater communication, extending the capabilities of optical-enabled wireless communication. This system is engineered to facilitate reliable communication over long-ranges in aqueous mediums. In addition to that a setup of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)s for wildfire communication towards 5G and Beyond (5GB) networks is investigated based on the real-time experimental data. It is noteworthy that the unified Gamma-Gamma Distribution (GG) distribution offers a promising solution to design optical turbulence and is evaluated to meet the current communication requirements in hostile channels. This thesis assesses the performance effects of optical impairments characterized by multiple transceivers in wildfire communication, IoUTs, and communication within varying vertical water layers by following the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation framework. The findings are anticipated to deepen understanding of optical communication within various wireless systems, including UAV and AUV-assisted WSNs. This thesis aims to bridge the gap between current optical-enabled Internet of Thing (IoT) approaches and existing communication infrastructures while also outlining future work to enhance hybrid optical communication for optimizing network connectivity, localization, optical EH, and Re-Configurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS)-assisted UAV and AUV communication.
Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) has recently drawn significant interest for real-time data transfer in various terrestrial and underwater applications due to their broad bandwidth, high data rates, low latency, and efficiency in terms of security, Energy Harvesting (EH), and cost efficiency. Despite these advantages, the optical communication is impaired by absorption, scattering, and strong turbulence effects in various channels, which lead to optical scintillation and disrupt communication between connecting nodes. This thesis presents novel mathematical models and software tools designed to improve spectral efficiency and communication reliability. It investigates the performance metrics of the proposed system models are designed to improve data rate and throughput while accounting for moderate to strong optical turbulence between transceivers under diverse channel conditions. The OWC systems leverage advanced optical technologies for real-time monitoring and seamless communication towards advanced wireless networks. These systems support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), increased network capacity, and high data rates. Therefore, the optical communication in term of visible light spectrum has opened new doors to explore unguided mediums such as devastating natural wildfire disasters and deep oceans through the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs). Additionally, this thesis aims to evaluate various optical transmission arrangements to mitigate strong turbulence and misalignment phenomena amongst communication nodes. An optical-enabled Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) communication model is designed in mixed ocean water within varying vertical layers in real-time scenarios. Also, the proposed design introduces a generic hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) and Visible Light Communication (VLC) system for underwater communication, extending the capabilities of optical-enabled wireless communication. This system is engineered to facilitate reliable communication over long-ranges in aqueous mediums. In addition to that a setup of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)s for wildfire communication towards 5G and Beyond (5GB) networks is investigated based on the real-time experimental data. It is noteworthy that the unified Gamma-Gamma Distribution (GG) distribution offers a promising solution to design optical turbulence and is evaluated to meet the current communication requirements in hostile channels. This thesis assesses the performance effects of optical impairments characterized by multiple transceivers in wildfire communication, IoUTs, and communication within varying vertical water layers by following the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation framework. The findings are anticipated to deepen understanding of optical communication within various wireless systems, including UAV and AUV-assisted WSNs. This thesis aims to bridge the gap between current optical-enabled Internet of Thing (IoT) approaches and existing communication infrastructures while also outlining future work to enhance hybrid optical communication for optimizing network connectivity, localization, optical EH, and Re-Configurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS)-assisted UAV and AUV communication.
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DOUTORAMENTO EM INFORMÁTICA - NOVOS MEDIA E SISTEMAS UBÍQUOS, INFORMÁTICA, SISTEMAS DE COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIOS, VEÍCULOS AUTÓNOMOS, INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS, COMPUTER SCIENCE, WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES, FOREST FIRES