Sexualidade nos parâmetros curriculares nacionais e em currículo escolar de unidades de ensino fundamental de João Pessoa - Paraíba
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2015
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A presente pesquisa tem como finalidade analisar a inclusão do tema sexualidade
previsto nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN) no Currículo Escolar de
Escolas Públicas de Ensino Fundamental em João Pessoa – PB. Optamos por uma
pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, para que por meio das entrevistas
individuais semiestruturadas pudéssemos obter informações sobre como está sendo
abordado o tema sexualidade em sala de aula. A amostra constituiu-se de dez
estudantes e seis professores de duas escolas públicas de ensino fundamental. É
importante destacar que a sexualidade humana envolve diversos fatores os quais
determinam conceitos, preconceitos e mitos oriundos de uma sociedade que
interfere na sexualidade como um instrumento de repressão. Os PCN foram
organizados pelo Ministério da Educação com a intenção de aumentar a eficiência
no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, servindo de orientação na organização do
currículo nas escolas do Ensino Fundamental e Médio brasileiro, para tanto, o
mesmo foi organizado de forma a corresponder à praticidade de manuseio do
professor em sua aplicação. Os temas transversais nos PCN sugerem a orientação
para trabalhar a sexualidade nas escolas precisamente para que os conteúdos
obtenham um enfoque crítico e reflexivo, de modo que os alunos não apenas
recebam informações, mas que possam compreender a importância de inserir em
sua rotina diária as orientações compartilhadas, objetivando vivenciar uma vida sem
discriminações e preconceitos, mas que o valor maior seja uma vida sexual
saudável, prazerosa, consciente e responsável, uma vez que se detecta grande
índice de gravidez precoce, aumento dos casos de doenças sexualmente
transmissíveis, constatado através das pesquisas citadas no decorrer da revisão de
literatura. As considerações finais apontam que os alunos adquirem informações
sobre sexualidade fora da educação formal; que a sexualidade é pouco ou quase
nada discutida e quando tratada, é vinculada unicamente ao fator biológico e
questões relacionadas com a reprodução e métodos de prevenção, não incluindo a
abrangência além da dimensão da saúde. Não foi detectada a natureza
transdisciplinar na abordagem da sexualidade no currículo escolar, este enfoque foi
sugerido para ser abordado nas disciplinas de ciências. A pesquisa demonstrou que
não existem programas de orientação sexual desenvolvidos pelas escolas e as
questões são abordadas de modo pontual e sem perspectiva de um processo
contínuo. Os alunos acreditam ser significativo ter a escola como fonte de
informação para a compreensão do tema, porém, os próprios professores não
assimilaram o quanto é fundamental inserir nos conteúdos curriculares e
programáticos, o caráter condutor dos PCN.
This research aims to analyze the inclusion of the theme "sexuality” as foreseen in the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) into the Curriculum of Public Elementary School Units in João Pessoa – Paraíba. We have chose a qualitative research, of a descriptive kind, so that through semi-structured individual interviews we could obtain information about how the sexuality theme is being approached in the classrooms. Te sample consisted of ten students and six teachers of two public elementary schools. It is important to emphasize that human sexuality involves many factors which determine concepts, prejudices and myths that come from a society that interferes in sexuality as an instrument of repression. The PCN were organized by the Ministry of Education with the intent of increasing the efficiency of the teachinglearning process, to provide guidance in the organization of the curriculum in Brazilian schools of elementary and high school and, for that, it was organized to match the practical handling of the teacher in its application. The transversal themes in the PCN suggest guidance for dealing with sexuality in schools precisely so that the contents get a critical and reflective focus, so that students not only receive information, but they can understand the importance of putting into their daily routine the shared guidelines, aiming to be able to experience a life without taboos, discrimination and prejudice, but so that the most important is a healthy, joyful, conscious and responsible sex life, since it has been detected a great index of early pregnancy, an increase in cases of sexually transmitted diseases, found by the researches quoted at the bibliographic review. The final considerations show that the students acquire information about sexuality outside of formal education; that sexuality is hardly ever discussed and when treated, it is uniquely linked to biological factors and issues related to reproduction and prevention methods, not including a scope beyond the health subject. We did not detect any transdisciplinarity at the approach of sexuality at the school curriculum. This approach was suggested to be used at the sciences classes. The research has shown that there are no sexual orientation programs developed by schools and the issues are approached in a spotting way without any perspective of a continuum process. The students believe it is important to have school as a source of information to the comprehension of the theme, however, teachers themselves did not assimilate how much it is fundamental to include the guiding nature of the PCN at the school curriculum and program.
This research aims to analyze the inclusion of the theme "sexuality” as foreseen in the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN) into the Curriculum of Public Elementary School Units in João Pessoa – Paraíba. We have chose a qualitative research, of a descriptive kind, so that through semi-structured individual interviews we could obtain information about how the sexuality theme is being approached in the classrooms. Te sample consisted of ten students and six teachers of two public elementary schools. It is important to emphasize that human sexuality involves many factors which determine concepts, prejudices and myths that come from a society that interferes in sexuality as an instrument of repression. The PCN were organized by the Ministry of Education with the intent of increasing the efficiency of the teachinglearning process, to provide guidance in the organization of the curriculum in Brazilian schools of elementary and high school and, for that, it was organized to match the practical handling of the teacher in its application. The transversal themes in the PCN suggest guidance for dealing with sexuality in schools precisely so that the contents get a critical and reflective focus, so that students not only receive information, but they can understand the importance of putting into their daily routine the shared guidelines, aiming to be able to experience a life without taboos, discrimination and prejudice, but so that the most important is a healthy, joyful, conscious and responsible sex life, since it has been detected a great index of early pregnancy, an increase in cases of sexually transmitted diseases, found by the researches quoted at the bibliographic review. The final considerations show that the students acquire information about sexuality outside of formal education; that sexuality is hardly ever discussed and when treated, it is uniquely linked to biological factors and issues related to reproduction and prevention methods, not including a scope beyond the health subject. We did not detect any transdisciplinarity at the approach of sexuality at the school curriculum. This approach was suggested to be used at the sciences classes. The research has shown that there are no sexual orientation programs developed by schools and the issues are approached in a spotting way without any perspective of a continuum process. The students believe it is important to have school as a source of information to the comprehension of the theme, however, teachers themselves did not assimilate how much it is fundamental to include the guiding nature of the PCN at the school curriculum and program.
Descrição
Orientação: Marisete Fernandes de Lima ; co-orientação: Ana Carita
Palavras-chave
EDUCAÇÃO, MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DA EDUCAÇÃO, SEXUALIDADE, ESCOLAS, PLANEAMENTO CURRICULAR, BRASIL, JOÃO PESSOA, EDUCATION, SEXUALITY, SCHOOLS, CURRICULUM PLANNING, BRAZIL, JOÃO PESSOA